STEM shortage debunked

Published, 2018-05-05, Last modified, 2018-08-19

"unemployed" by Erich Ferdinand (Flickr)

Unemployment statistics are not indication of availability.
If a new college graduate's last (or current) job was as a barista, the Bureau of Labor Statistics counts that person as an unemployed barista, even if that person holds a Ph.D in a STEM discipline. This is also true if a seasoned veteran is displaced by a temporary foreign worker and has had to take a job outside of STEM to survive. The worker's last job determines the occupational classification, regardless to qualifications.

As much as 110% of all US STEM employment growth in 2017, went to temporary foreign workers.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Occupational Employment Statistics (OES), provides STEM employment data-sets. Subtracting the 2016 employment levels (8,775,180), from the 2017 employment levels (8,893,920), we arrive at employment growth of 118,740 in STEM occupations for 2017.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not differentiate occupational data by citizenship status; therefore, employment growth resultant from temporary foreign workers is included in the BLS aggregate totals.

Science Technology Engineering Math (STEM)

The Bureau of Labor Statics (BLS) STEM definition includes occupations in Science, Technology, Engineering, Math and Computer, and related occupations in Management, Postsecondary teachers and Sales.

US STEM Degree Production vs. STEM Employment Growth:
Academic Discipline, 2-digit Classification of Instructional Program (CIP): 04 Architecture and Related Services, 11 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, 14 Engineering, 15 Engineering Technologies and Engineering Related Fields, 25 Library Science, 26 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 27 Mathematics and Statistics, 40 Physical Sciences, 41 Science Technologies/Technicians

• STEM employment 2013-2017

Bureau of Labor Statistics STEM Employment STEM Degree production: Citizens and Permanent Residents
Year	Total Employment	Employment Growth	Bachelors Degrees	Associate Degrees
2013	8,165,520	N/A	325,065	101,473
2014	8,345,870	180,350	341,762	99,473
2015	8,587,580	241,710	356,267	100,429
2016	8,775,180	187,600	N/A	N/A
2017	8,893,920	118,740	N/A	N/A
Averages		182,100	341,031	100,458
See Degree production -- BLS Definitions section for CIP definitions.

• STEM employment growth/loss by NAICS Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics STEM Employment Growth/Loss 2017 by NAICS Industry
NAICS	Description	2017
21	Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction	-14,170
61	Educational Services	-4,840
42	Wholesale Trade	-4,010
56	Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services	-2,560
44-45	Retail Trade	-2,250
72	Accommodation and Food Services	550
71	Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation	650
11	Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting	670
22	Utilities	850
48-49	Transportation and Warehousing	2,090
53	Real Estate and Rental and Leasing	2,600
81	Other Services (except Public Administration)	4,210
99	Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding state and local schools and hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OES Designation)	5,850
23	Construction	8,280
55	Management of Companies and Enterprises	12,500
31-33	Manufacturing	16,160
62	Health Care and Social Assistance	16,890
52	Finance and Insurance	19,800
51	Information	27,190
54	Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services	28,250
Employment growth = 118,710

• STEM (SOC) occupations.

Bureau of Labor Statistics STEM Standard Occupational Titles (SOC)
OCC_CODE	OCC_TITLE
11-3021	Computer and Information Systems Managers
11-9041	Architectural and Engineering Managers
11-9121	Natural Sciences Managers
15-1111	Computer and Information Research Scientists
15-1121	Computer Systems Analysts
15-1122	Information Security Analysts
15-1131	Computer Programmers
15-1132	Software Developers, Applications
15-1133	Software Developers, Systems Software
15-1134	Web Developers
15-1141	Database Administrators
15-1142	Network and Computer Systems Administrators
15-1143	Computer Network Architects
15-1151	Computer User Support Specialists
15-1152	Computer Network Support Specialists
15-1199	Computer Occupations, All Other
15-2011	Actuaries
15-2021	Mathematicians
15-2031	Operations Research Analysts
15-2041	Statisticians
15-2090	Miscellaneous Mathematical Science Occupations
17-1011	Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
17-1012	Landscape Architects
17-1021	Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
17-1022	Surveyors
17-2011	Aerospace Engineers
17-2021	Agricultural Engineers
17-2031	Biomedical Engineers
17-2041	Chemical Engineers
17-2051	Civil Engineers
17-2061	Computer Hardware Engineers
17-2071	Electrical Engineers
17-2072	Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
17-2081	Environmental Engineers
17-2111	Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
17-2112	Industrial Engineers
17-2121	Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
17-2131	Materials Engineers
17-2141	Mechanical Engineers
17-2151	Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
17-2161	Nuclear Engineers
17-2171	Petroleum Engineers
17-2199	Engineers, All Other
17-3011	Architectural and Civil Drafters
17-3012	Electrical and Electronics Drafters
17-3013	Mechanical Drafters
17-3019	Drafters, All Other
17-3021	Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians
17-3022	Civil Engineering Technicians
17-3023	Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians
17-3024	Electro-Mechanical Technicians
17-3025	Environmental Engineering Technicians
17-3026	Industrial Engineering Technicians
17-3027	Mechanical Engineering Technicians
17-3029	Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other
17-3031	Surveying and Mapping Technicians
19-1011	Animal Scientists
19-1012	Food Scientists and Technologists
19-1013	Soil and Plant Scientists
19-1021	Biochemists and Biophysicists
19-1022	Microbiologists
19-1023	Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
19-1029	Biological Scientists, All Other
19-1031	Conservation Scientists
19-1032	Foresters
19-1041	Epidemiologists
19-1042	Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
19-1099	Life Scientists, All Other
19-2011	Astronomers
19-2012	Physicists
19-2021	Atmospheric and Space Scientists
19-2031	Chemists
19-2032	Materials Scientists
19-2041	Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
19-2042	Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
19-2043	Hydrologists
19-2099	Physical Scientists, All Other
19-4011	Agricultural and Food Science Technicians
19-4021	Biological Technicians
19-4031	Chemical Technicians
19-4041	Geological and Petroleum Technicians
19-4051	Nuclear Technicians
19-4091	Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health
19-4092	Forensic Science Technicians
19-4093	Forest and Conservation Technicians
19-4099	Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other
25-1021	Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1022	Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1031	Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1032	Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1041	Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1042	Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1043	Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1051	Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1052	Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1053	Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1054	Physics Teachers, Postsecondary
41-4011	Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
41-9031	Sales Engineers

Classification of Instructional Programs

The following tables list the NCES Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). These details were extracted from the NCES published SOC to CIP crosswalk for 2010.

• In the following tables, there is some overlap of CIPs; for instance, a Computer Science CIP, may also be listed within management or postsecondary teaching occupations.

Science (SOC): Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) - 197 titles
CIP_CODE	CIP_TITLE
01.0000	Agriculture, General.
01.0308	Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture.
01.0309	Viticulture and Enology.
01.0701	International Agriculture.
01.0901	Animal Sciences, General.
01.0902	Agricultural Animal Breeding.
01.0903	Animal Health.
01.0904	Animal Nutrition.
01.0905	Dairy Science.
01.0907	Poultry Science.
01.0999	Animal Sciences, Other.
01.1001	Food Science.
01.1002	Food Technology and Processing.
01.1002	Food Technology and Processing.
01.1101	Plant Sciences, General.
01.1102	Agronomy and Crop Science.
01.1103	Horticultural Science.
01.1104	Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding.
01.1105	Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management.
01.1106	Range Science and Management.
01.1199	Plant Sciences, Other.
01.1201	Soil Science and Agronomy, General.
01.1202	Soil Chemistry and Physics.
01.1203	Soil Microbiology.
01.1299	Soil Sciences, Other.
03.0101	Natural Resources/Conservation, General.
03.0103	Environmental Studies.
03.0104	Environmental Science.
03.0201	Natural Resources Management and Policy.
03.0205	Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management.
03.0206	Land Use Planning and Management/Development.
03.0501	Forestry, General.
03.0502	Forest Sciences and Biology.
03.0506	Forest Management/Forest Resources Management.
03.0508	Urban Forestry.
03.0509	Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology.
03.0510	Forest Resources Production and Management.
03.0511	Forest Technology/Technician.
03.0599	Forestry, Other.
03.0601	Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management.
12.0509	Culinary Science/Culinology.
14.1201	Engineering Physics/Applied Physics.
15.0903	Petroleum Technology/Technician.
15.0999	Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians, Other.
15.1401	Nuclear Engineering Technology/Technician.
26.0101	Biology/Biological Sciences, General.
26.0102	Biomedical Sciences, General.
26.0202	Biochemistry.
26.0203	Biophysics.
26.0204	Molecular Biology.
26.0205	Molecular Biochemistry.
26.0206	Molecular Biophysics.
26.0207	Structural Biology.
26.0208	Photobiology.
26.0209	Radiation Biology/Radiobiology.
26.0210	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
26.0301	Botany/Plant Biology.
26.0305	Plant Pathology/Phytopathology.
26.0307	Plant Physiology.
26.0308	Plant Molecular Biology.
26.0399	Botany/Plant Biology, Other.
26.0401	Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology.
26.0403	Anatomy.
26.0404	Developmental Biology and Embryology.
26.0406	Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology.
26.0407	Cell Biology and Anatomy.
26.0499	Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other.
26.0502	Microbiology, General.
26.0503	Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology.
26.0504	Virology.
26.0505	Parasitology.
26.0506	Mycology.
26.0507	Immunology.
26.0508	Microbiology and Immunology.
26.0701	Zoology/Animal Biology.
26.0702	Entomology.
26.0707	Animal Physiology.
26.0708	Animal Behavior and Ethology.
26.0709	Wildlife Biology.
26.0799	Zoology/Animal Biology, Other.
26.0801	Genetics, General.
26.0802	Molecular Genetics.
26.0803	Microbial and Eukaryotic Genetics.
26.0804	Animal Genetics.
26.0805	Plant Genetics.
26.0806	Human/Medical Genetics.
26.0807	Genome Sciences/Genomics.
26.0899	Genetics, Other.
26.0901	Physiology, General.
26.0902	Molecular Physiology.
26.0903	Cell Physiology.
26.0904	Endocrinology.
26.0905	Reproductive Biology.
26.0907	Cardiovascular Science.
26.0908	Exercise Physiology.
26.0909	Vision Science/Physiological Optics.
26.0910	Pathology/Experimental Pathology.
26.0911	Oncology and Cancer Biology.
26.0912	Aerospace Physiology and Medicine.
26.0999	Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other.
26.1001	Pharmacology.
26.1002	Molecular Pharmacology.
26.1003	Neuropharmacology.
26.1004	Toxicology.
26.1005	Molecular Toxicology.
26.1006	Environmental Toxicology.
26.1007	Pharmacology and Toxicology.
26.1099	Pharmacology and Toxicology, Other.
26.1101	Biometry/Biometrics.
26.1102	Biostatistics.
26.1104	Computational Biology.
26.1199	Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Other.
26.1201	Biotechnology.
26.1301	Ecology.
26.1302	Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography.
26.1303	Evolutionary Biology.
26.1304	Aquatic Biology/Limnology.
26.1305	Environmental Biology.
26.1306	Population Biology.
26.1307	Conservation Biology.
26.1308	Systematic Biology/Biological Systematics.
26.1309	Epidemiology.
26.1310	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
26.1399	Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other.
26.1401	Molecular Medicine.
26.1501	Neuroscience.
26.1502	Neuroanatomy.
26.1503	Neurobiology and Anatomy.
26.1504	Neurobiology and Behavior.
26.1599	Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other.
26.9999	Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other.
27.0306	Mathematical Biology.
30.1101	Gerontology.
30.1701	Behavioral Sciences.
30.1801	Natural Sciences.
30.1901	Nutrition Sciences.
30.2701	Human Biology.
30.3201	Marine Sciences.
40.0201	Astronomy.
40.0202	Astrophysics.
40.0203	Planetary Astronomy and Science.
40.0299	Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other.
40.0401	Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General.
40.0402	Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology.
40.0403	Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics.
40.0404	Meteorology.
40.0499	Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other.
40.0501	Chemistry, General.
40.0502	Analytical Chemistry.
40.0503	Inorganic Chemistry.
40.0504	Organic Chemistry.
40.0506	Physical Chemistry.
40.0507	Polymer Chemistry.
40.0508	Chemical Physics.
40.0509	Environmental Chemistry.
40.0510	Forensic Chemistry.
40.0511	Theoretical Chemistry.
40.0599	Chemistry, Other.
40.0601	Geology/Earth Science, General.
40.0602	Geochemistry.
40.0603	Geophysics and Seismology.
40.0604	Paleontology.
40.0605	Hydrology and Water Resources Science.
40.0606	Geochemistry and Petrology.
40.0607	Oceanography, Chemical and Physical.
40.0699	Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other.
40.0801	Physics, General.
40.0802	Atomic/Molecular Physics.
40.0804	Elementary Particle Physics.
40.0805	Plasma and High-Temperature Physics.
40.0806	Nuclear Physics.
40.0807	Optics/Optical Sciences.
40.0808	Condensed Matter and Materials Physics.
40.0809	Acoustics.
40.0810	Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.
40.0899	Physics, Other.
40.1001	Materials Science.
40.1002	Materials Chemistry.
40.1099	Materials Sciences, Other.
40.9999	Physical Sciences, Other.
41.0000	Science Technologies/Technicians, General.
41.0101	Biology Technician/Biotechnology Laboratory Technician.
41.0204	Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician.
41.0205	Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician.
41.0299	Nuclear and Industrial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, Other.
41.0301	Chemical Technology/Technician.
41.0303	Chemical Process Technology.
41.0399	Physical Science Technologies/Technicians, Other.
41.9999	Science Technologies/Technicians, Other.
43.0106	Forensic Science and Technology.
45.0101	Social Sciences, General.
51.0916	Radiation Protection/Health Physics Technician.
51.1401	Medical Scientist.
51.2010	Pharmaceutical Sciences.
51.2202	Environmental Health.
51.2205	Health/Medical Physics.
51.2314	Rehabilitation Science.

Engineers (SOC): Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) - 103 titles
CIP_CODE	CIP_TITLE
14.0201	Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering.
04.0901	Architectural Technology/Technician.
04.0902	Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology.
04.0999	Architectural Sciences and Technology, Other.
14.0101	Engineering, General.
14.0301	Agricultural Engineering.
14.0401	Architectural Engineering.
14.0501	Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering.
14.0601	Ceramic Sciences and Engineering.
14.0701	Chemical Engineering.
14.0702	Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering.
14.0799	Chemical Engineering, Other.
14.0801	Civil Engineering, General.
14.0802	Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.
14.0803	Structural Engineering.
14.0804	Transportation and Highway Engineering.
14.0805	Water Resources Engineering.
14.0899	Civil Engineering, Other.
14.0901	Computer Engineering, General.
14.0902	Computer Hardware Engineering.
14.1001	Electrical and Electronics Engineering
14.1003	Laser and Optical Engineering.
14.1004	Telecommunications Engineering.
14.1099	Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other.
14.1101	Engineering Mechanics.
14.1201	Engineering Physics/Applied Physics.
14.1301	Engineering Science.
14.1401	Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering.
14.1801	Materials Engineering.
14.1901	Mechanical Engineering.
14.2001	Metallurgical Engineering.
14.2101	Mining and Mineral Engineering.
14.2201	Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
14.2301	Nuclear Engineering.
14.2401	Ocean Engineering.
14.2501	Petroleum Engineering.
14.2701	Systems Engineering.
14.2801	Textile Sciences and Engineering.
14.3201	Polymer/Plastics Engineering.
14.3301	Construction Engineering.
14.3401	Forest Engineering.
14.3501	Industrial Engineering.
14.3601	Manufacturing Engineering.
14.3801	Surveying Engineering.
14.3901	Geological/Geophysical Engineering.
14.4001	Paper Science and Engineering.
14.4101	Electromechanical Engineering.
14.4101	Electromechanical Engineering.
14.4201	Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering.
14.4301	Biochemical Engineering.
14.4401	Engineering Chemistry.
14.4501	Biological/Biosystems Engineering.
14.9999	Engineering, Other.
15.0101	Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0201	Civil Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0303	Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0304	Laser and Optical Technology/Technician.
15.0305	Telecommunications Technology/Technician.
15.0306	Integrated Circuit Design.
15.0399	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other.
15.0401	Biomedical Technology/Technician.
15.0403	Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology.
15.0404	Instrumentation Technology/Technician.
15.0405	Robotics Technology/Technician.
15.0406	Automation Engineer Technology/Technician.
15.0499	Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians, Other.
15.0501	Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0503	Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician.
15.0505	Solar Energy Technology/Technician.
15.0507	Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology.
15.0599	Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, Other.
15.0607	Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0611	Metallurgical Technology/Technician.
15.0612	Industrial Technology/Technician.
15.0613	Manufacturing Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0614	Welding Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0615	Chemical Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0616	Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology.
15.0699	Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, Other.
15.0704	Hazardous Materials Information Systems Technology/Technician.
15.0801	Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.0805	Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician.
15.0899	Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians, Other.
15.0901	Mining Technology/Technician.
15.1001	Construction Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.1102	Surveying Technology/Surveying.
15.1103	Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/Technician.
15.1201	Computer Engineering Technology/Technician.
15.1202	Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology.
15.1203	Computer Hardware Technology/Technician.
15.1301	Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, General.
15.1302	CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician.
15.1303	Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD.
15.1304	Civil Drafting and Civil Engineering CAD/CADD.
15.1305	Electrical/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/Electronics CAD/CADD.
15.1306	Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD.
15.1399	Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other.
15.1501	Engineering/Industrial Management.
15.1502	Engineering Design.
15.1503	Packaging Science.
15.1601	Nanotechnology.
41.0303	Chemical Process Technology.
46.0415	Building Construction Technology.
51.2312	Assistive/Augmentative Technology and Rehabilitation Engineering.

Math (SOC): Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) - 26 titles
CIP_CODE	CIP_TITLE
14.3701	Operations Research.
26.1102	Biostatistics.
26.1104	Computational Biology.
27.0101	Mathematics, General.
27.0102	Algebra and Number Theory.
27.0103	Analysis and Functional Analysis.
27.0104	Geometry/Geometric Analysis.
27.0105	Topology and Foundations.
27.0199	Mathematics, Other.
27.0301	Applied Mathematics, General.
27.0303	Computational Mathematics.
27.0304	Computational and Applied Mathematics.
27.0305	Financial Mathematics.
27.0306	Mathematical Biology.
27.0399	Applied Mathematics, Other.
27.0501	Statistics, General.
27.0502	Mathematical Statistics and Probability.
27.0503	Mathematics and Statistics.
27.0599	Statistics, Other.
27.9999	Mathematics and Statistics, Other.
30.3001	Computational Science.
38.0102	Logic.
45.0102	Research Methodology and Quantitative Methods.
52.1301	Management Science.
52.1302	Business Statistics.
52.1304	Actuarial Science.

Computer (SOC): Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) - 38 titles
CIP_CODE	CIP_TITLE
01.0106	Agricultural Business Technology.
11.0101	Computer and Information Sciences, General.
11.0102	Artificial Intelligence.
11.0103	Information Technology.
11.0104	Informatics.
11.0199	Computer and Information Sciences, Other.
11.0201	Computer Programming/Programmer, General.
11.0202	Computer Programming, Specific Applications.
11.0203	Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification.
11.0299	Computer Programming, Other.
11.0301	Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician.
11.0401	Information Science/Studies.
11.0501	Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst.
11.0701	Computer Science.
11.0801	Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design.
11.0802	Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration.
11.0803	Computer Graphics.
11.0804	Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation.
11.0901	Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications.
11.1001	Network and System Administration/Administrator.
11.1002	System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager.
11.1003	Computer and Information Systems Security/Information Assurance.
11.1004	Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster.
11.1005	Information Technology Project Management.
11.1006	Computer Support Specialist.
14.0901	Computer Engineering, General.
14.0999	Computer Engineering, Other.
15.1204	Computer Software Technology/Technician.
26.1103	Bioinformatics.
26.1104	Computational Biology.
30.0801	Mathematics and Computer Science.
30.1601	Accounting and Computer Science.
30.3001	Computational Science.
30.3101	Human Computer Interaction.
43.0116	Cyber/Computer Forensics and Counterterrorism.
51.0709	Medical Office Computer Specialist/Assistant.
51.2706	Medical Informatics.
52.1201	Management Information Systems, General.

Postsecondary teachers (SOC): Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) - 276 titles
CIP_CODE	CIP_TITLE
13.1303	Business Teacher Education.
01.0000	Agriculture, General.
01.0101	Agricultural Business and Management, General.
01.0102	Agribusiness/Agricultural Business Operations.
01.0103	Agricultural Economics.
01.0104	Farm/Farm and Ranch Management.
01.0105	Agricultural/Farm Supplies Retailing and Wholesaling.
01.0199	Agricultural Business and Management, Other.
01.0201	Agricultural Mechanization, General.
01.0204	Agricultural Power Machinery Operation.
01.0299	Agricultural Mechanization, Other.
01.0301	Agricultural Production Operations, General.
01.0302	Animal/Livestock Husbandry and Production.
01.0303	Aquaculture.
01.0304	Crop Production.
01.0308	Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture.
01.0309	Viticulture and Enology.
01.0399	Agricultural Production Operations, Other.
01.0401	Agricultural and Food Products Processing.
01.0505	Animal Training.
01.0507	Equestrian/Equine Studies.
01.0601	Applied Horticulture/Horticulture Operations, General.
01.0603	Ornamental Horticulture.
01.0604	Greenhouse Operations and Management.
01.0605	Landscaping and Groundskeeping.
01.0606	Plant Nursery Operations and Management.
01.0607	Turf and Turfgrass Management.
01.0701	International Agriculture.
01.0901	Animal Sciences, General.
01.0902	Agricultural Animal Breeding.
01.0903	Animal Health.
01.0904	Animal Nutrition.
01.0905	Dairy Science.
01.0906	Livestock Management.
01.0907	Poultry Science.
01.0999	Animal Sciences, Other.
01.1001	Food Science.
01.1101	Plant Sciences, General.
01.1102	Agronomy and Crop Science.
01.1103	Horticultural Science.
01.1104	Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding.
01.1105	Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management.
01.1106	Range Science and Management.
01.1106	Range Science and Management.
01.1199	Plant Sciences, Other.
01.1201	Soil Science and Agronomy, General.
01.1299	Soil Sciences, Other.
03.0101	Natural Resources/Conservation, General.
03.0103	Environmental Studies.
03.0104	Environmental Science.
03.0201	Natural Resources Management and Policy.
03.0205	Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management.
03.0206	Land Use Planning and Management/Development.
03.0299	Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other.
03.0501	Forestry, General.
03.0502	Forest Sciences and Biology.
03.0506	Forest Management/Forest Resources Management.
03.0508	Urban Forestry.
03.0509	Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology.
03.0510	Forest Resources Production and Management.
03.0599	Forestry, Other.
03.0601	Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management.
03.9999	Natural Resources and Conservation, Other.
04.0201	Architecture.
04.0301	City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning.
04.0401	Environmental Design/Architecture.
04.0501	Interior Architecture.
04.0601	Landscape Architecture.
04.0902	Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology.
04.0999	Architectural Sciences and Technology, Other.
11.0101	Computer and Information Sciences, General.
11.0201	Computer Programming/Programmer, General.
11.0401	Information Science/Studies.
11.0501	Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst.
11.0701	Computer Science.
13.1301	Agricultural Teacher Education.
13.1310	Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education.
13.1311	Mathematics Teacher Education.
13.1316	Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education.
13.1321	Computer Teacher Education.
13.1322	Biology Teacher Education.
13.1323	Chemistry Teacher Education.
13.1329	Physics Teacher Education.
13.1337	Earth Science Teacher Education.
14.0101	Engineering, General.
14.0201	Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering.
14.0301	Agricultural Engineering.
14.0401	Architectural Engineering.
14.0501	Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering.
14.0601	Ceramic Sciences and Engineering.
14.0701	Chemical Engineering.
14.0702	Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering.
14.0799	Chemical Engineering, Other.
14.0801	Civil Engineering, General.
14.0802	Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.
14.0803	Structural Engineering.
14.0804	Transportation and Highway Engineering.
14.0805	Water Resources Engineering.
14.0899	Civil Engineering, Other.
14.0901	Computer Engineering, General.
14.0902	Computer Hardware Engineering.
14.0903	Computer Software Engineering.
14.0999	Computer Engineering, Other.
14.1001	Electrical and Electronics Engineering
14.1003	Laser and Optical Engineering.
14.1004	Telecommunications Engineering.
14.1099	Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other.
14.1101	Engineering Mechanics.
14.1201	Engineering Physics/Applied Physics.
14.1301	Engineering Science.
14.1401	Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering.
14.1801	Materials Engineering.
14.1901	Mechanical Engineering.
14.2001	Metallurgical Engineering.
14.2101	Mining and Mineral Engineering.
14.2201	Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
14.2301	Nuclear Engineering.
14.2401	Ocean Engineering.
14.2501	Petroleum Engineering.
14.2701	Systems Engineering.
14.2801	Textile Sciences and Engineering.
14.3201	Polymer/Plastics Engineering.
14.3301	Construction Engineering.
14.3401	Forest Engineering.
14.3501	Industrial Engineering.
14.3601	Manufacturing Engineering.
14.3801	Surveying Engineering.
14.3901	Geological/Geophysical Engineering.
14.4001	Paper Science and Engineering.
14.4101	Electromechanical Engineering.
14.4201	Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering.
14.4301	Biochemical Engineering.
14.4401	Engineering Chemistry.
14.4501	Biological/Biosystems Engineering.
14.9999	Engineering, Other.
15.1502	Engineering Design.
15.1503	Packaging Science.
26.0101	Biology/Biological Sciences, General.
26.0202	Biochemistry.
26.0203	Biophysics.
26.0204	Molecular Biology.
26.0209	Radiation Biology/Radiobiology.
26.0210	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
26.0299	Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Other.
26.0301	Botany/Plant Biology.
26.0305	Plant Pathology/Phytopathology.
26.0307	Plant Physiology.
26.0399	Botany/Plant Biology, Other.
26.0401	Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology.
26.0403	Anatomy.
26.0499	Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other.
26.0502	Microbiology, General.
26.0504	Virology.
26.0505	Parasitology.
26.0507	Immunology.
26.0508	Microbiology and Immunology.
26.0599	Microbiological Sciences and Immunology, Other.
26.0701	Zoology/Animal Biology.
26.0702	Entomology.
26.0707	Animal Physiology.
26.0799	Zoology/Animal Biology, Other.
26.0802	Molecular Genetics.
26.0805	Plant Genetics.
26.0807	Genome Sciences/Genomics.
26.0899	Genetics, Other.
26.0910	Pathology/Experimental Pathology.
26.0912	Aerospace Physiology and Medicine.
26.1001	Pharmacology.
26.1004	Toxicology.
26.1101	Biometry/Biometrics.
26.1104	Computational Biology.
26.1199	Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Other.
26.1201	Biotechnology.
26.1301	Ecology.
26.1302	Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography.
26.1303	Evolutionary Biology.
26.1310	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
26.1399	Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other.
26.1401	Molecular Medicine.
26.1501	Neuroscience.
26.1502	Neuroanatomy.
26.1503	Neurobiology and Anatomy.
26.1504	Neurobiology and Behavior.
26.1599	Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other.
26.9999	Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other.
27.0101	Mathematics, General.
27.0102	Algebra and Number Theory.
27.0103	Analysis and Functional Analysis.
27.0104	Geometry/Geometric Analysis.
27.0105	Topology and Foundations.
27.0199	Mathematics, Other.
27.0301	Applied Mathematics, General.
27.0304	Computational and Applied Mathematics.
27.0305	Financial Mathematics.
27.0306	Mathematical Biology.
27.0399	Applied Mathematics, Other.
27.0501	Statistics, General.
27.0502	Mathematical Statistics and Probability.
27.0503	Mathematics and Statistics.
27.0599	Statistics, Other.
27.9999	Mathematics and Statistics, Other.
30.1901	Nutrition Sciences.
30.2701	Human Biology.
38.0102	Logic.
40.0201	Astronomy.
40.0202	Astrophysics.
40.0203	Planetary Astronomy and Science.
40.0299	Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other.
40.0401	Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General.
40.0402	Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology.
40.0403	Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics.
40.0404	Meteorology.
40.0499	Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other.
40.0501	Chemistry, General.
40.0502	Analytical Chemistry.
40.0503	Inorganic Chemistry.
40.0504	Organic Chemistry.
40.0506	Physical Chemistry.
40.0507	Polymer Chemistry.
40.0508	Chemical Physics.
40.0509	Environmental Chemistry.
40.0510	Forensic Chemistry.
40.0511	Theoretical Chemistry.
40.0599	Chemistry, Other.
40.0601	Geology/Earth Science, General.
40.0602	Geochemistry.
40.0603	Geophysics and Seismology.
40.0604	Paleontology.
40.0605	Hydrology and Water Resources Science.
40.0606	Geochemistry and Petrology.
40.0607	Oceanography, Chemical and Physical.
40.0699	Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other.
40.0801	Physics, General.
40.0802	Atomic/Molecular Physics.
40.0804	Elementary Particle Physics.
40.0805	Plasma and High-Temperature Physics.
40.0806	Nuclear Physics.
40.0807	Optics/Optical Sciences.
40.0808	Condensed Matter and Materials Physics.
40.0809	Acoustics.
40.0810	Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.
40.0899	Physics, Other.
40.1001	Materials Science.
40.1002	Materials Chemistry.
50.0408	Interior Design.
52.0101	Business/Commerce, General.
52.0201	Business Administration and Management, General.
52.0202	Purchasing, Procurement/Acquisitions and Contracts Management.
52.0203	Logistics, Materials, and Supply Chain Management.
52.0205	Operations Management and Supervision.
52.0210	Research and Development Management.
52.0211	Project Management.
52.0212	Retail Management.
52.0213	Organizational Leadership.
52.0301	Accounting.
52.0501	Business/Corporate Communications.
52.0701	Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies.
52.0702	Franchising and Franchise Operations.
52.0801	Finance, General.
52.0804	Financial Planning and Services.
52.0806	International Finance.
52.0807	Investments and Securities.
52.0808	Public Finance.
52.0909	Hotel, Motel, and Restaurant Management.
52.1001	Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, General.
52.1002	Labor and Industrial Relations.
52.1003	Organizational Behavior Studies.
52.1101	International Business/Trade/Commerce.
52.1301	Management Science.
52.1302	Business Statistics.
52.1304	Actuarial Science.
52.1401	Marketing/Marketing Management, General.
52.1402	Marketing Research.
52.1403	International Marketing.
52.1701	Insurance.
52.2101	Telecommunications Management.

Sales (SOC): Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) - 1 title
CIP_CODE	CIP_TITLE
52.1804	Selling Skills and Sales Operations.

Managers (SOC): Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) - 193 titles
CIP_CODE	CIP_TITLE
11.0101	Computer and Information Sciences, General.
04.0201	Architecture.
04.0301	City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning.
04.0401	Environmental Design/Architecture.
04.0501	Interior Architecture.
04.0601	Landscape Architecture.
04.0902	Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology.
11.0103	Information Technology.
11.0401	Information Science/Studies.
11.0701	Computer Science.
11.1001	Network and System Administration/Administrator.
11.1003	Computer and Information Systems Security/Information Assurance.
11.1005	Information Technology Project Management.
14.0101	Engineering, General.
14.0201	Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering.
14.0301	Agricultural Engineering.
14.0401	Architectural Engineering.
14.0501	Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering.
14.0601	Ceramic Sciences and Engineering.
14.0701	Chemical Engineering.
14.0702	Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering.
14.0799	Chemical Engineering, Other.
14.0801	Civil Engineering, General.
14.0802	Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.
14.0803	Structural Engineering.
14.0804	Transportation and Highway Engineering.
14.0805	Water Resources Engineering.
14.0899	Civil Engineering, Other.
14.0901	Computer Engineering, General.
14.0902	Computer Hardware Engineering.
14.0903	Computer Software Engineering.
14.0999	Computer Engineering, Other.
14.1001	Electrical and Electronics Engineering
14.1003	Laser and Optical Engineering.
14.1004	Telecommunications Engineering.
14.1099	Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other.
14.1101	Engineering Mechanics.
14.1201	Engineering Physics/Applied Physics.
14.1301	Engineering Science.
14.1401	Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering.
14.1801	Materials Engineering.
14.1901	Mechanical Engineering.
14.2001	Metallurgical Engineering.
14.2101	Mining and Mineral Engineering.
14.2201	Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
14.2301	Nuclear Engineering.
14.2401	Ocean Engineering.
14.2501	Petroleum Engineering.
14.2701	Systems Engineering.
14.2801	Textile Sciences and Engineering.
14.3201	Polymer/Plastics Engineering.
14.3301	Construction Engineering.
14.3401	Forest Engineering.
14.3501	Industrial Engineering.
14.3601	Manufacturing Engineering.
14.3701	Operations Research.
14.3801	Surveying Engineering.
14.3901	Geological/Geophysical Engineering.
14.4001	Paper Science and Engineering.
14.4101	Electromechanical Engineering.
14.4201	Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering.
14.4301	Biochemical Engineering.
14.4401	Engineering Chemistry.
14.4501	Biological/Biosystems Engineering.
14.9999	Engineering, Other.
15.1501	Engineering/Industrial Management.
15.1502	Engineering Design.
15.1503	Packaging Science.
26.0101	Biology/Biological Sciences, General.
26.0202	Biochemistry.
26.0203	Biophysics.
26.0204	Molecular Biology.
26.0209	Radiation Biology/Radiobiology.
26.0210	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
26.0299	Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Other.
26.0301	Botany/Plant Biology.
26.0305	Plant Pathology/Phytopathology.
26.0307	Plant Physiology.
26.0399	Botany/Plant Biology, Other.
26.0401	Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology.
26.0403	Anatomy.
26.0499	Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other.
26.0502	Microbiology, General.
26.0503	Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology.
26.0504	Virology.
26.0505	Parasitology.
26.0507	Immunology.
26.0508	Microbiology and Immunology.
26.0599	Microbiological Sciences and Immunology, Other.
26.0701	Zoology/Animal Biology.
26.0702	Entomology.
26.0707	Animal Physiology.
26.0799	Zoology/Animal Biology, Other.
26.0802	Molecular Genetics.
26.0804	Animal Genetics.
26.0805	Plant Genetics.
26.0807	Genome Sciences/Genomics.
26.0899	Genetics, Other.
26.0910	Pathology/Experimental Pathology.
26.0912	Aerospace Physiology and Medicine.
26.1001	Pharmacology.
26.1004	Toxicology.
26.1101	Biometry/Biometrics.
26.1102	Biostatistics.
26.1104	Computational Biology.
26.1199	Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Other.
26.1201	Biotechnology.
26.1301	Ecology.
26.1302	Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography.
26.1303	Evolutionary Biology.
26.1310	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
26.1399	Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other.
26.1401	Molecular Medicine.
26.1501	Neuroscience.
26.1502	Neuroanatomy.
26.1503	Neurobiology and Anatomy.
26.1504	Neurobiology and Behavior.
26.1599	Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other.
26.9999	Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other.
27.0101	Mathematics, General.
27.0102	Algebra and Number Theory.
27.0103	Analysis and Functional Analysis.
27.0104	Geometry/Geometric Analysis.
27.0105	Topology and Foundations.
27.0199	Mathematics, Other.
27.0301	Applied Mathematics, General.
27.0303	Computational Mathematics.
27.0304	Computational and Applied Mathematics.
27.0305	Financial Mathematics.
27.0306	Mathematical Biology.
27.0399	Applied Mathematics, Other.
27.0501	Statistics, General.
27.0503	Mathematics and Statistics.
27.0599	Statistics, Other.
27.9999	Mathematics and Statistics, Other.
30.0101	Biological and Physical Sciences.
30.0801	Mathematics and Computer Science.
30.1001	Biopsychology.
30.1501	Science, Technology and Society.
30.1801	Natural Sciences.
30.1901	Nutrition Sciences.
30.3001	Computational Science.
30.3201	Marine Sciences.
38.0102	Logic.
40.0101	Physical Sciences.
40.0201	Astronomy.
40.0202	Astrophysics.
40.0203	Planetary Astronomy and Science.
40.0299	Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other.
40.0401	Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General.
40.0402	Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology.
40.0403	Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics.
40.0404	Meteorology.
40.0499	Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other.
40.0501	Chemistry, General.
40.0502	Analytical Chemistry.
40.0503	Inorganic Chemistry.
40.0504	Organic Chemistry.
40.0506	Physical Chemistry.
40.0507	Polymer Chemistry.
40.0508	Chemical Physics.
40.0509	Environmental Chemistry.
40.0510	Forensic Chemistry.
40.0511	Theoretical Chemistry.
40.0599	Chemistry, Other.
40.0601	Geology/Earth Science, General.
40.0602	Geochemistry.
40.0603	Geophysics and Seismology.
40.0604	Paleontology.
40.0605	Hydrology and Water Resources Science.
40.0606	Geochemistry and Petrology.
40.0607	Oceanography, Chemical and Physical.
40.0699	Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other.
40.0801	Physics, General.
40.0802	Atomic/Molecular Physics.
40.0804	Elementary Particle Physics.
40.0805	Plasma and High-Temperature Physics.
40.0806	Nuclear Physics.
40.0807	Optics/Optical Sciences.
40.0808	Condensed Matter and Materials Physics.
40.0809	Acoustics.
40.0810	Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.
40.0899	Physics, Other.
40.1001	Materials Science.
40.1002	Materials Chemistry.
40.1099	Materials Sciences, Other.
40.9999	Physical Sciences, Other.
51.1401	Medical Scientist.
52.0205	Operations Management and Supervision.
52.0210	Research and Development Management.
52.1201	Management Information Systems, General.
52.1206	Information Resources Management.
52.1207	Knowledge Management.

• The technology instructional classifications are distributed throughout the SOC occupations -- BLS does not currently maintain a broad category for (STEM) Technology occupations.

Temporary foreign workers (methodology)

There are several temporary employment visa programs that adversely affect citizens and permanent residents in the STEM occupations, in addition, the OPT Extension (a 3 year internship for foreign students) and 144,000 employment based permanent residence visas impact employment. OPT and permanent resident visas are beyond the scope of this document.

H-1B temporary work visas

From the 2017, H-1B Characteristics report, we find that the STEM occupations alone exceed the employer lamented cap of 85,000 visas.

H-1B temporary visas: 2017 Initial Employment
Computer-related occupations	69,846
Occupations in Architecture, Engineering and Surveying	10,243
Occupations in Mathematics and Physical Sciences	2,786
Occupations in Life Sciences	1,533
Miscellaneous Professional, Technical and Managerial	1,622
H-1B visa total = 86,030

Effectively, H-1B foreign workers are offered the job first. The H-1B application season is the first week in April, well before US college graduation in June. If the employer pays for H-1B premium processing, USCIS can provide an confirmation or denial for the H-1B petition in as little as two weeks. Premium processing for (FY 2019) is temporarily suspended.

• The H-1B candidate may not enter the US without a job; therefore, United States candidates are relegated to the left over jobs.

L-1 temporary work visas

The L-1 visa is an intra-company visa with an initial term of 3 years. Manager's (L-1A) visas can be extended another 3 years, production employee (L-1B) visas can be extended 2 years. The US Department of State (DOS) publishes data on Nonimmigrant Visas Issued by Classification, but this data does not provide occupational breakdown and may include re-entries.

• From the USCIS H-1B Characteristics reports, we can find the percentage initial employment authorizations issued. In terms of demand and function, L-1 temporary employment visas are virtually identical, so we will distribute the H-1B percentages to estimate the L-1 visa initial authorizations.

Estimate of visas issued vs new employment authorizations (2017)
DOS H-1B visas issued	179,049
USCIS H-1B initial approvals	108,101
Percent of H-1B that are new employment authorizations 60.38%

• The Department of State issued 78,178 L-1 visas in 2017, but from our estimate above, only 60.38% of those would qualify as initial employment authorizations, where we arrive at 47,204 initial L-1 employment authorizations. From that percentage of L-1 issued visas, we distribute the same occupational breakdown as the H-1B occupations.

L-1 visas 2017 Initial employment (estimate)	%H-1B	L-1 Initial STEM visas (Based on H-1B Characteristics)
Computer-related occupations	62.00%	29,266
Occupations in Architecture, Engineering and Surveying	9.80%	4,626
Occupations in Mathematics and Physical Sciences	2.60%	1,227
Occupations in Life Sciences	2.10%	991
Miscellaneous Professional, Technical and Managerial	1.20%	566
L-1 STEM visa totals for 2017	77.70%	36,677

NAFTA professional (TN) visas

Similar to the L-1 visa, we can obtain the NAFTA professional (TN) data for visa issued (16,119), from the Department of State.

• We again extrapolate our findings from the USCIS H-1B data. After we adjust continuing authorizations, the estimate of NAFTA initial employment authorizations at 9,733, or 60.38% of the NAFTA total.

NAFTA professional visas 2017 Initial employment (estimate)	%H-1B	NAFTA Initial STEM visas (Based on H-1B Characteristics)
Computer-related occupations	62.00%	6,034
Occupations in Architecture, Engineering and Surveying	9.80%	954
Occupations in Mathematics and Physical Sciences	2.60%	253
Occupations in Life Sciences	2.10%	204
Miscellaneous Professional, Technical and Managerial	1.20%	117
NAFTA STEM visa totals for 2017	77.70%	7,562

• Uses the same formulations described in the L-1 temporary work visas section.

O-1 "genius" visa

According to the Department of State, 17,011 visas were issued in the O-1 category, "Person with extraordinary ability in the sciences, art, education, business, or athletics". We have have omitted these counts because these individuals are required to provide proof that they are extraordinarily qualified. Additionally, a large percentage of these recipients are likely to be celebrities, entertainers or professional athletes, the O-1 classification is not comparable to the H-1B visa.

United States educational assets

For this document, we examine three definitions of STEM related degree production for citizens and permanent residents.

• A listing of BLS occupational (6-digit) CIP definitions -- an average of 341,031 STEM bachelors degrees conferred per year.
• The DHS list of eligible OPT Extension (6-digit CIPs) -- an average of 349,213 STEM bachelors degrees conferred per year.
• The 2-digit Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) -- an average of 313,767 STEM bachelors degrees conferred per year.

Degree production -- BLS Definitions

From the BLS defined Occupations (SOC) and the related instructional programs (CIP) obtained from the NCES crosswalk. The table below is the first of 3 degree production data-sets. In this table we include Science, Engineering, Math & Computer and exclude Managers, Postsecondary Teachers and Sales.

A three year sample (2013-15) is averaged to determine degrees conferred to citizens and permanent residents. Degree production in this data-set falls between totals found in two other data-sets provided later in this document.

• Degree Production: Bachelors and above (per year) = 424,464
• Degree Production: Associate degree and above (per year) = 524,922

BLS Defined: Science, Engineering, Math & Computer Degree Production by CIP Citizens and Permanent Residents
NSF-NCES Degree Production (2013-2015) - Citizens and Permanent Residents
Academic Discipline, 6-digit Classification of Instructional Program (CIP)	Doctorate Degrees	Masters Degrees	Bachelors Degrees	Associate Degrees
01.0106 Agricultural Business Technology			58	83
01.0308 Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture	13	138	289	85
01.0309 Viticulture and Enology		28	371	236
01.0701 International Agriculture		104	131
01.0901 Animal Sciences, General	255	1,004	15,445	425
01.0902 Agricultural Animal Breeding	6	13
01.0903 Animal Health		5	3	17
01.0904 Animal Nutrition	8
01.0905 Dairy Science	4	22	431	152
01.0906 Livestock Management	4	5	48
01.0907 Poultry Science	15	36	314	13
01.0999 Animal Sciences, Other		13	211	181
01.1001 Food Science	151	833	3,780	39
01.1002 Food Technology and Processing	4	22	23	29
01.1101 Plant Sciences, General	72	238	1,272	27
01.1102 Agronomy and Crop Science	134	479	1,761	107
01.1103 Horticultural Science	67	223	1,783	100
01.1104 Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding	27	36	10	2
01.1105 Plant Protection & Integrated Pest Management	10	57	127	29
01.1106 Range Science and Management	16	100	416	28
01.1199 Plant Sciences, Other	42	115	120
01.1201 Soil Science and Agronomy, General	102	275	440	2
01.1202 Soil Chemistry and Physics		8	67
01.1299 Soil Sciences, Other	11	35	112
03.0101 Natural Resources/Conservation, General	192	1,483	4,040	905
03.0103 Environmental Studies	201	2,497	17,486	584
03.0104 Environmental Science	385	2,726	16,101	586
03.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy	78	1,262	1,749	198
03.0205 Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management	3	368	266	76
03.0206 Land Use Planning and Management/Development	26	130	157	2
03.0501 Forestry, General	91	363	1,667	222
03.0502 Forest Sciences and Biology	168	333	542	1
03.0506 Forest Management/ Forest Resources Management	7	125	500	95
03.0508 Urban Forestry	8	25	40	94
03.0509 Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology	8	31	163	12
03.0510 Forest Resources Production and Management	11	43	17	2
03.0511 Forestry Technology/Technician	4		16	790
03.0599 Forestry, Other	8	30	135	12
03.0601 Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management	114	428	4,233	612
11.0101 Computer and Information Sciences, General	743	6,199	36,080	13,364
11.0102 Artificial Intelligence	33	143
11.0103 Information Technology	136	5,531	20,046	13,407
11.0104 Informatics	25	723	1,755	1
11.0199 Computer Science, Other	47	227	848	153
11.0201 Computer Programming/Programmer, General	5	148	3,877	8,233
11.0202 Computer Programming Special Applications		72	759	1,957
11.0203 Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification				19
11.0299 Computer Programming, Other			93	36
11.0301 Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician			214	2,892
11.0401 Information Science/Studies	346	9,296	17,371	2,973
11.0501 Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst		536	4,304	574
11.0701 Computer Science	1,212	7,665	37,151	3,443
11.0801 Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design		539	4,812	6,615
11.0802 Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration		327	534	456
11.0803 Computer Graphics		224	4,209	2,118
11.0804 Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation	1	104	669	36
11.0901 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications	3	1,186	5,567	23,910
11.1001 Network and System Administration/Administrator		100	2,021	7,089
11.1002 System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager		57	611	11,309
11.1003 Computer and Information Systems Security/Information Assurance	50	4,868	13,037	3,631
11.1004 Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster		15	1,187	1,633
11.1005 Information Technology Project Management	17	553	1,006	118
11.1006 Computer Support Specialist			98	3,771
12.0509 Culinary Science/Culinology			98	48
14.0101 Engineering, General	521	4,455	5,979	6,878
14.0201 Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering	571	2,953	10,085	3
14.0301 Agricultural Engineering	144	497	2,821	14
14.0401 Architectural Engineering	16	338	1,947	25
14.0501 Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering	2,044	4,241	15,241	74
14.0601 Ceramic Sciences and Engineering	25	30	237
14.0701 Chemical Engineering	1,369	2,177	22,250	76
14.0702 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering	20	49	349	1
14.0799 Chemical Engineering, Other		7
14.0901 Computer Engineering, General	323	2,093	14,167	80
14.0902 Computer Hardware Engineering		87
14.0903 Computer Software Engineering	10	1,810	1,842	58
14.0999 Computer Engineering, Other	4	24	131	66
14.1001 Electrical and Electronics Engineering	2,119	10,172	36,438	526
14.1003 Laser and Optical Engineering	24	50	38
14.1004 Telecommunications Engineering		104	6	70
14.1099 Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other	14	67	215	2
14.1101 Engineering Mechanics	56	164	253	33
14.1201 Engineering Physics/Applied Physics	118	171	1,381	38
14.1301 Engineering Science	150	541	1,209	746
14.1401 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering	242	1,685	3,666	46
14.1801 Materials Engineering	815	1,350	3,273	11
14.1901 Mechanical Engineering	1,884	11,413	68,984	512
14.2001 Metallurgical Engineering	21	70	320
14.2101 Mining and Mineral Engineering	23	110	785
14.2201 Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering	19	86	1,167	8
14.2301 Nuclear Engineering	290	818	1,607
14.2401 Ocean Engineering	21	169	534
14.2501 Petroleum Engineering	42	444	3,345	3
14.2701 Systems Engineering	201	4,579	2,203
14.2801 Textile Sciences and Engineering	25	65	709
14.3201 Polymer/Plastics Engineering	81	162	280
14.3301 Construction Engineering		204	1,198	14
14.3401 Forest Engineering	2	5	69
14.3501 Industrial Engineering	283	2,683	10,756	139
14.3601 Manufacturing Engineering	8	542	894	6
14.3701 Operations Research	45	560	979	13
14.3801 Surveying Engineering	1	24	96	30
14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering	23	400	530
14.4001 Paper Science and Engineering	4	5	36	16
14.4101 Electromechanical Engineering			140
14.4201 Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering	22	107	77	58
14.4301 Biochemical Engineering		5	173
14.4401 Engineering Chemistry			15
14.4501 Biological/Biosystems Engineering	14	24	574
14.9999 Engineering, Other	192	2,503	2,146	153
15.0101 Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician		19	1,086	2,000
15.0201 Civil Engineering Technology/Technician			1,470	2,535
15.0303 Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician		49	5,248	22,021
15.0304 Laser and Optical Technology/Technician				221
15.0305 Telecommunications Technology/Technician		65	259	924
15.0399 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other		5	2,023	1,995
15.0401 Biomedical Technology/Technician	5	1	325	2,377
15.0403 Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology		11	236	2,148
15.0404 Instrumentation Technology/Technician			90	2,879
15.0405 Robotics Technology/Technician			24	513
15.0406 Automation Engineer Technology/Technician			137	619
15.0499 Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians, Ot			30	1,277
15.0501 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology/Te			7	3,367
15.0503 Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician		242	315	2,385
15.0505 Solar Energy Technology/Technician		27	175	298
15.0507 Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology	3	187	347	655
15.0599 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, Other		89	47	281
15.0607 Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/Technician		4	240	151
15.0611 Metallurgical Technology/Technician				140
15.0612 Industrial Technology/Technician	36	537	4,855	4,068
15.0613 Manufacturing Engineering Technology/Technician		147	1,577	3,077
15.0614 Welding Engineering Technology/Technician			29	54
15.0615 Chemical Engineering Technology/Technician				5
15.0616 Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology				32
15.0699 Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, Other		9	841	3,145
15.0801 Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering Technology/Technician		94	265	475
15.0805 Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician		51	4,603	3,905
15.0899 Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians, Other			546	291
15.0901 Mining Technology/Technician			12	156
15.0903 Petroleum Technology/Technician			67	1,193
15.0999 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians, Other				16
15.1001 Construction Engineering Technology/Technician	3	300	4,899	1,822
15.1102 Survey Technology/ Surveying	1	5	568	688
15.1103 Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/ Technician			11	146
15.1201 Computer Engineering Technology/ Technician			1,383	2,189
15.1202 Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology		14	816	3,418
15.1203 Computer Hardware Technology/Technician				8
15.1301 Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, General			204	8,306
15.1302 CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician	1	12	271	4,602
15.1303 Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD			4	2,215
15.1304 Civil Drafting and Civil Engineering CAD/CADD			13	161
15.1305 Electrical/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/ Electronics CAD/CADD				57
15.1306 Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD			101	1,640
15.1399 Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other			26	143
15.1401 Nuclear Engineering Technology/Technician			523	407
15.1501 Engineering/Industrial Management	85	5,983	2,205	67
15.1502 Engineering Design	2	74		10
15.1503 Packaging Science	3	71	940
15.1601 Nanotechnology	6	27	17	105
26.0101 Biology/Biological Sciences, General	2,171	9,038	205,585	11,690
26.0102 Biomedical Sciences, General	1,039	4,142	8,719	155
26.0202 Biochemistry	1,039	691	20,742	3
26.0203 Biophysics	259	64	386
26.0204 Molecular Biology	490	596	2,111
26.0205 Molecular Biochemistry	131	125	1,167
26.0206 Molecular Biophysics	30	5
26.0207 Structural Biology	14	3
26.0209 Radiation Biology/ Radiobiology	17	26	25
26.0210 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology	352	173	2,105
26.0301 Botany/Plant Biology	213	215	592	1
26.0305 Plant Pathology/Phytopathology	108	147	38
26.0307 Plant Physiology	7	3
26.0308 Plant Molecular Biology	16	2	1
26.0399 Botany/Plant Biology, Other	1	31	47
26.0401 Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology	292	54	1,153	148
26.0403 Anatomy	104	407	1,121
26.0404 Developmental Biology and Embryology	86	77	127
26.0406 Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology	1,056	418	6,733
26.0407 Cell Biology and Anatomy	99	35	18
26.0499 Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other	271	275	330	25
26.0502 Microbiology, General	507	454	5,776	8
26.0503 Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology	319	405	1,812
26.0504 Virology	37	1
26.0505 Parasitology	1	6
26.0507 Immunology	443	98
26.0508 Microbiology and Immunology	207	59	317
26.0701 Zoology/Animal Biology	216	499	4,820	27
26.0702 Entomology	211	392	300
26.0707 Animal Physiology	56	185	205
26.0708 Animal Behavior and Ethology	14	33	209
26.0709 Wildlife Biology	12	39	1,130	27
26.0801 Genetics, General	289	124	730
26.0802 Molecular Genetics	148	50	521
26.0804 Animal Genetics	120	61	75
26.0805 Plant Genetics	19	10	12
26.0806 Human/Medical Genetics	193	281	2
26.0807 Genome Sciences/Genomics	14	4	5
26.0899 Genetics, Other	36	6
26.0901 Physiology, General	343	1,521	4,523	2
26.0902 Molecular Physiology	53	19
26.0903 Cell Physiology	53	42
26.0904 Endocrinology	16	6
26.0905 Reproductive Biology	3	19
26.0907 Cardiovascular Science	10	17		101
26.0908 Exercise Physiology	149	716	7,401	28
26.0909 Vision Science/Physiological Optics	37	61	271
26.0910 Pathology/Experimental Pathology	441	217	81
26.0911 Oncology and Cancer Biology	250	77
26.0999 Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other	21	7
26.1001 Pharmacology	521	328	147	2
26.1002 Molecular Pharmacology	87	10
26.1003 Neuropharmacology		35
26.1004 Toxicology	191	124	314
26.1005 Molecular Toxicology	8
26.1006 Environmental Toxicology	57	114	101
26.1007 Pharmacology and Toxicology	98	143	189
26.1101 Biometry/ Biometrics	29	33	81
26.1102 Biostatistics	267	954	65
26.1103 Bioinformatics	181	505	400	26
26.1104 Computational Biology	64	21	82
26.1199 Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Other	27	43	80
26.1201 Biotechnology	10	2,617	2,199	917
26.1301 Ecology	467	421	2,215	2
26.1302 Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography	147	641	3,684	92
26.1303 Evolutionary Biology	72	40	318
26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology		38	254
26.1305 Environmental Biology	18	117	778	14
26.1306 Population Biology	12	8
26.1307 Conservation Biology	44	277	457
26.1308 Systematic Biology/Biological Systematics	16	3
26.1309 Epidemiology	700	2,721	72
26.1310 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology	209	117	990
26.1399 Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other	84	69	427
26.1401 Molecular Medicine	99	33
26.1501 Neuroscience	1,390	388	11,925
26.1503 Neurobiology and Anatomy	273	42	1,806
26.1504 Neurobiology and Behavior	40	83	228
26.1599 Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other	8		17
26.9999 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other	437	3,299	4,187	173
27.0101 Mathematics, General	1,841	6,235	46,345	6,296
27.0102 Algebra and Number Theory				14
27.0103 Analysis and Functional Analysis			1
27.0105 Topology and Foundations	5
27.0199 Mathematics, Other	17	110	613	61
27.0301 Applied Mathematics, General	346	1,472	4,126
27.0303 Computational Mathematics	49	32	326
27.0304 Computational and Applied Mathematics	44	129	210
27.0305 Financial Mathematics		457	223
27.0306 Mathematical Biology			45
27.0399 Applied Mathematics, Other	22	103	312
27.0501 Statistics, General	400	2,937	2,882
27.0502 Mathematical Statistics and Probability	10	127	195
27.0503 Mathematics and Statistics		136	157
27.0599 Statistics, Other	5	61	156	9
27.9999 Mathematics and Statistics, Other	21	77	494
30.0801 Mathematics and Computer Science	41	53	657	1
30.1101 Gerontology	71	1,306	904	107
30.1601 Accounting and Computer Science		22	14	86
30.1701 Behavioral Sciences	67	199	16,462	7,631
30.1801 Natural Sciences	16	272	2,244	1,286
30.1901 Nutrition Sciences	262	1,839	5,715	48
30.2701 Human Biology			2,058
30.3001 Computational Science	13	70	49
30.3101 Human Computer Interaction	12	336	106
30.3201 Marine Sciences	33	141	208	4
38.0102 Logic	7	12	10
40.0101 Physical Sciences	36	98	1,146	8,321
40.0201 Astronomy	211	246	589	17
40.0202 Astrophysics	85	75	420
40.0203 Planetary Astronomy and Science	50	33	25
40.0299 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other	23	24	89
40.0401 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General	227	539	1,543	1
40.0403 Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics	2	2
40.0404 Meteorology	34	77	588
40.0499 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other	12	6	59	12
40.0501 Chemistry, General	4,750	4,475	39,098	2,070
40.0502 Analytical Chemistry	16	42	28
40.0503 Inorganic Chemistry	3	1
40.0504 Organic Chemistry	16	3
40.0506 Physical Chemistry	31	1	6
40.0507 Polymer Chemistry	35	31	8
40.0508 Chemical Physics	29	6	77
40.0509 Environmental Chemistry	14	4	19
40.0510 Forensic Chemistry			197	6
40.0511 Theoretical Chemistry			19
40.0599 Chemistry, Other	82	96	1,660	17
40.0601 Geology/Earth Science, General	893	3,732	14,637	216
40.0602 Geochemistry	14	17	48
40.0603 Geophysics and Seismology	92	212	356
40.0604 Paleontology		9	8	3
40.0605 Hydrology and Water Resources Science	30	178	154	32
40.0607 Oceanography, Chemical and Physical	265	391	747	110
40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other	120	318	1,410	22
40.0801 Physics, General	2,683	3,361	17,120	1,505
40.0802 Atomic/Molecular Physics	8	20	3
40.0804 Elementary Particle Physics		1
40.0806 Nuclear Physics	3	2	1
40.0807 Optics/Optical Sciences	86	158	95	75
40.0808 Condensed Matter and Materials Physics	9	2
40.0809 Acoustics	13	37	62
40.0810 Theoretical and Mathematical Physics			32
40.0899 Physics, Other	147	287	664
40.1001 Materials Science	209	262	387	17
40.1002 Materials Chemistry	13	30	20
40.1099 Materials Sciences, Other	2	1
40.9999 Physical Sciences, Other	59	271	1,088	353
41.0101 Biology Technician/Biotechnology Laboratory Technician	6		85	1,247
41.0204 Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician				177
41.0205 Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician		9	49	470
41.0299 Nuclear and Industrial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, Other			2	3
41.0301 Chemical Technology/Technician		1	21	2,828
41.0303 Chemical Process Technology				10
41.0399 Physical Science Technologies/Technicians, Other				32
41.9999 Science Technologies/Technicians, Other		94	1,377	2,379
43.0106 Forensic Science and Technology		1,818	3,542	1,385
43.0116 Cyber/Computer Forensics and Counterterrorism		271	505	229
45.0101 Social Sciences, General	59	1,636	24,177	34,118
45.0102 Research Methodology and Quantitative Methods		5	8
46.0415 Building Construction Technology			165	705
51.0709 Medical Office Computer Specialist/Assistant				119
51.0916 Radiation Protection/Health Physics Technician		15	33	198
51.1401 Medical Scientist	57	1,175
51.2010 Pharmaceutical Sciences	182	241	1,830	41
51.2202 Environmental Health	196	1,388	954	66
51.2205 Health/ Medical Physics	97	335	111	2
51.2312 Assistive/Augmentative Technology and Rehabilitation Engineering		31
51.2314 Rehabilitation Science	101	177	1,722
51.2706 Medical Informatics	123	1,237	313	152
52.1201 Management Information Systems, General	114	7,923	21,813	3,035
52.1302 Business Statistics		179	266
52.1304 Actuarial Science		334	2,349
3 Year total	48,882	201,415	1,023,094	301,375
Average 2013-2015	16,294	67,138	341,031	100,458
Degree Production Bachelors and above (per year) = 424,464
Degree Production Associate degree and above (per year) = 524,922
Year: 2015, 2014, 2013
Citizenship (standardized): U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents
Level of Degree or Other Award: Doctorate Degrees, Doctorate Degree-Research/Scholarship, Doctorate Degree-Professional Practice, Doctorate Degree-Other, First Professional Degrees, Master's Degrees, Bachelor's Degrees, Associate's Degrees Science CIPs as defined by BLS OES_Science : 01.0308 Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture, 01.0309 Viticulture and Enology, 01.0701 International Agriculture, 01.0901 Animal Sciences, General, 01.0902 Agricultural Animal Breeding, 01.0903 Animal Health, 01.0904 Animal Nutrition, 01.0905 Dairy Science, 01.0906 Livestock Management, 01.0907 Poultry Science, 01.0999 Animal Sciences, Other, 01.1001 Food Science, 01.1002 Food Technology and Processing, 01.1101 Plant Sciences, General, 01.1102 Agronomy and Crop Science, 01.1103 Horticultural Science, 01.1104 Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding, 01.1105 Plant Protection & Integrated Pest Management, 01.1106 Range Science and Management, 01.1199 Plant Sciences, Other, 01.1201 Soil Science and Agronomy, General, 01.1202 Soil Chemistry and Physics, 01.1299 Soil Sciences, Other, 03.0101 Natural Resources/Conservation, General, 03.0102 Environmental Science/Studies, 03.0103 Environmental Studies, 03.0104 Environmental Science, 03.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy, 03.0205 Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management, 03.0206 Land Use Planning and Management/Development, 03.0501 Forestry, General, 03.0502 Forest Sciences and Biology, 03.0506 Forest Management/ Forest Resources Management, 03.0508 Urban Forestry, 03.0509 Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology, 03.0510 Forest Resources Production and Management, 03.0511 Forestry Technology/Technician, 03.0599 Forestry, Other, 03.0601 Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management, 12.0509 Culinary Science/Culinology, 14.1201 Engineering Physics/Applied Physics, 15.0903 Petroleum Technology/Technician, 15.0999 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians, Other, 15.1401 Nuclear Engineering Technology/Technician, 26.0101 Biology/Biological Sciences, General, 26.0102 Biomedical Sciences, General, 26.0202 Biochemistry, 26.0203 Biophysics, 26.0204 Molecular Biology, 26.0205 Molecular Biochemistry, 26.0206 Molecular Biophysics, 26.0207 Structural Biology, 26.0209 Radiation Biology/ Radiobiology, 26.0210 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 26.0301 Botany/Plant Biology, 26.0305 Plant Pathology/Phytopathology, 26.0307 Plant Physiology, 26.0308 Plant Molecular Biology, 26.0399 Botany/Plant Biology, Other, 26.0401 Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, 26.0403 Anatomy, 26.0404 Developmental Biology and Embryology, 26.0406 Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology, 26.0407 Cell Biology and Anatomy, 26.0499 Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other, 26.0502 Microbiology, General, 26.0503 Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology, 26.0504 Virology, 26.0505 Parasitology, 26.0507 Immunology, 26.0508 Microbiology and Immunology, 26.0701 Zoology/Animal Biology, 26.0702 Entomology, 26.0707 Animal Physiology, 26.0708 Animal Behavior and Ethology, 26.0709 Wildlife Biology, 26.0801 Genetics, General, 26.0802 Molecular Genetics, 26.0804 Animal Genetics, 26.0805 Plant Genetics, 26.0806 Human/Medical Genetics, 26.0807 Genome Sciences/Genomics, 26.0899 Genetics, Other, 26.0901 Physiology, General, 26.0902 Molecular Physiology, 26.0903 Cell Physiology, 26.0904 Endocrinology, 26.0905 Reproductive Biology, 26.0907 Cardiovascular Science, 26.0908 Exercise Physiology, 26.0909 Vision Science/Physiological Optics, 26.0910 Pathology/Experimental Pathology, 26.0911 Oncology and Cancer Biology, 26.0912 Aerospace Physiology and Medicine, 26.0999 Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other, 26.1001 Pharmacology, 26.1002 Molecular Pharmacology, 26.1003 Neuropharmacology, 26.1004 Toxicology, 26.1005 Molecular Toxicology, 26.1006 Environmental Toxicology, 26.1007 Pharmacology and Toxicology, 26.1099 Pharmacology and Toxicology, Other, 26.1101 Biometry/ Biometrics, 26.1102 Biostatistics, 26.1104 Computational Biology, 26.1199 Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Other, 26.1201 Biotechnology, 26.1301 Ecology, 26.1302 Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography, 26.1303 Evolutionary Biology, 26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology, 26.1305 Environmental Biology, 26.1306 Population Biology, 26.1307 Conservation Biology, 26.1308 Systematic Biology/Biological Systematics, 26.1309 Epidemiology, 26.1310 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 26.1399 Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other, 26.1401 Molecular Medicine, 26.1501 Neuroscience, 26.1502 Neuroanatomy, 26.1503 Neurobiology and Anatomy, 26.1504 Neurobiology and Behavior, 26.1599 Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other, 26.9999 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other, 27.0306 Mathematical Biology, 30.1101 Gerontology, 30.1701 Behavioral Sciences, 30.1801 Natural Sciences, 30.1901 Nutrition Sciences, 30.2701 Human Biology, 30.3201 Marine Sciences, 40.0101 Physical Sciences, 40.0201 Astronomy, 40.0202 Astrophysics, 40.0203 Planetary Astronomy and Science, 40.0299 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other, 40.0401 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General, 40.0403 Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics, 40.0404 Meteorology, 40.0499 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other, 40.0501 Chemistry, General, 40.0502 Analytical Chemistry, 40.0503 Inorganic Chemistry, 40.0504 Organic Chemistry, 40.0506 Physical Chemistry, 40.0507 Polymer Chemistry, 40.0508 Chemical Physics, 40.0509 Environmental Chemistry, 40.0510 Forensic Chemistry, 40.0511 Theoretical Chemistry, 40.0599 Chemistry, Other, 40.0601 Geology/Earth Science, General, 40.0602 Geochemistry, 40.0603 Geophysics and Seismology, 40.0604 Paleontology, 40.0605 Hydrology and Water Resources Science, 40.0606 Geochemistry and Petrology, 40.0607 Oceanography, Chemical and Physical, 40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other, 40.0801 Physics, General, 40.0802 Atomic/Molecular Physics, 40.0804 Elementary Particle Physics, 40.0806 Nuclear Physics, 40.0807 Optics/Optical Sciences, 40.0808 Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 40.0809 Acoustics, 40.0810 Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 40.0899 Physics, Other, 40.1001 Materials Science, 40.1002 Materials Chemistry, 40.1099 Materials Sciences, Other, 40.9999 Physical Sciences, Other, 41.0000 Science Technologies/Technicians, General, 41.0101 Biology Technician/Biotechnology Laboratory Technician, 41.0204 Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, 41.0205 Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician, 41.0299 Nuclear and Industrial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, Other, 41.0301 Chemical Technology/Technician, 41.0303 Chemical Process Technology, 41.0399 Physical Science Technologies/Technicians, Other, 41.9999 Science Technologies/Technicians, Other, 43.0106 Forensic Science and Technology, 45.0101 Social Sciences, General, 51.0916 Radiation Protection/Health Physics Technician, 51.1401 Medical Scientist, 51.2010 Pharmaceutical Sciences, 51.2202 Environmental Health, 51.2205 Health/ Medical Physics, 51.2314 Rehabilitation Science Engineering CIPs as defined by BLS OES_Engineering : 10.0101 Educational/Instruct Media Tech, 14.0101 Engineering, General, 14.0201 Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering, 14.0301 Agricultural Engineering, 14.0401 Architectural Engineering, 14.0501 Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, 14.0601 Ceramic Sciences and Engineering, 14.0701 Chemical Engineering, 14.0702 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 14.0799 Chemical Engineering, Other, 14.0901 Computer Engineering, General, 14.0902 Computer Hardware Engineering, 14.0903 Computer Software Engineering, 14.0999 Computer Engineering, Other, 14.1001 Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 14.1003 Laser and Optical Engineering, 14.1004 Telecommunications Engineering, 14.1099 Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other, 14.1101 Engineering Mechanics, 14.1201 Engineering Physics/Applied Physics, 14.1301 Engineering Science, 14.1401 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering, 14.1801 Materials Engineering, 14.1901 Mechanical Engineering, 14.2001 Metallurgical Engineering, 14.2101 Mining and Mineral Engineering, 14.2201 Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, 14.2301 Nuclear Engineering, 14.2401 Ocean Engineering, 14.2501 Petroleum Engineering, 14.2701 Systems Engineering, 14.2801 Textile Sciences and Engineering, 14.3201 Polymer/Plastics Engineering, 14.3301 Construction Engineering, 14.3401 Forest Engineering, 14.3501 Industrial Engineering, 14.3601 Manufacturing Engineering, 14.3801 Surveying Engineering, 14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering, 14.4001 Paper Science and Engineering, 14.4101 Electromechanical Engineering, 14.4201 Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering, 14.4301 Biochemical Engineering, 14.4401 Engineering Chemistry, 14.4501 Biological/Biosystems Engineering, 14.9999 Engineering, Other, 15.0101 Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0201 Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0303 Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0304 Laser and Optical Technology/Technician, 15.0305 Telecommunications Technology/Technician, 15.0306 Integrated Circuit Design, 15.0399 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other, 15.0401 Biomedical Technology/Technician, 15.0403 Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, 15.0404 Instrumentation Technology/Technician, 15.0405 Robotics Technology/Technician, 15.0406 Automation Engineer Technology/Technician, 15.0499 Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians, Ot, 15.0501 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology/Te, 15.0503 Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician, 15.0505 Solar Energy Technology/Technician, 15.0507 Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, 15.0599 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, Other, 15.0607 Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0611 Metallurgical Technology/Technician, 15.0612 Industrial Technology/Technician, 15.0613 Manufacturing Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0614 Welding Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0615 Chemical Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0616 Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, 15.0699 Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, Other, 15.0704 Hazardous Materials Information Systems Technology/Technician, 15.0801 Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.0805 Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, 15.0899 Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians, Other, 15.0901 Mining Technology/Technician, 15.1001 Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, 15.1102 Survey Technology/ Surveying, 15.1103 Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/ Technician, 15.1201 Computer Engineering Technology/ Technician, 15.1202 Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, 15.1203 Computer Hardware Technology/Technician, 15.1301 Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, General, 15.1302 CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, 15.1303 Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD, 15.1304 Civil Drafting and Civil Engineering CAD/CADD, 15.1305 Electrical/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/ Electronics CAD/CADD, 15.1306 Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, 15.1399 Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other, 15.1501 Engineering/Industrial Management, 15.1502 Engineering Design, 15.1503 Packaging Science, 15.1601 Nanotechnology, 41.0303 Chemical Process Technology, 46.0415 Building Construction Technology, 51.2312 Assistive/Augmentative Technology and Rehabilitation Engineering Math CIPs as defined by BLS OES_Math : 14.3701 Operations Research, 26.1102 Biostatistics, 26.1104 Computational Biology, 27.0101 Mathematics, General, 27.0102 Algebra and Number Theory, 27.0103 Analysis and Functional Analysis, 27.0105 Topology and Foundations, 27.0199 Mathematics, Other, 27.0301 Applied Mathematics, General, 27.0303 Computational Mathematics, 27.0304 Computational and Applied Mathematics, 27.0305 Financial Mathematics, 27.0306 Mathematical Biology, 27.0399 Applied Mathematics, Other, 27.0501 Statistics, General, 27.0502 Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 27.0503 Mathematics and Statistics, 27.0599 Statistics, Other, 27.9999 Mathematics and Statistics, Other, 30.3001 Computational Science, 38.0102 Logic, 45.0102 Research Methodology and Quantitative Methods, 52.1302 Business Statistics, 52.1304 Actuarial Science Computer CIPs as defined by BLS OES_Computer : 01.0106 Agricultural Business Technology, 11.0101 Computer and Information Sciences, General, 11.0102 Artificial Intelligence, 11.0103 Information Technology, 11.0104 Informatics, 11.0199 Computer Science, Other, 11.0201 Computer Programming/Programmer, General, 11.0202 Computer Programming Special Applications, 11.0203 Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification, 11.0299 Computer Programming, Other, 11.0301 Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, 11.0401 Information Science/Studies, 11.0501 Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst, 11.0701 Computer Science, 11.0801 Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, 11.0802 Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration, 11.0803 Computer Graphics, 11.0804 Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation, 11.0901 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, 11.1001 Network and System Administration/Administrator, 11.1002 System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, 11.1003 Computer and Information Systems Security/Information Assurance, 11.1004 Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, 11.1005 Information Technology Project Management, 11.1006 Computer Support Specialist, 14.0901 Computer Engineering, General, 14.9999 Engineering, Other, 26.1103 Bioinformatics, 26.1104 Computational Biology, 30.0801 Mathematics and Computer Science, 30.1601 Accounting and Computer Science, 30.3001 Computational Science, 30.3101 Human Computer Interaction, 43.0116 Cyber/Computer Forensics and Counterterrorism, 51.0709 Medical Office Computer Specialist/Assistant, 51.2706 Medical Informatics, 52.1201 Management Information Systems, General

OPT STEM Extension CIP list

The OPT STEM Extension, extends the OPT student work authorization from one year to three years for STEM related degree recipients from U.S. colleges. Formally called the Cap Gap extension, the OPT extension was created to allow foreign STEM students to work while attempting to secure an H-1B visa over multiple years. While these foreign students are employed and awaiting adjustment of status (as an F-1 student), their labor is exempt from Social Security contributions, both personally and for the employer. This government subsidy, 12.4% on Social Security and 2.9% on Medicare, makes a non-citizen in STEM OPT status an extremely competitive job candidate.

Federal training program sees 400% increase in foreign students graduating and working in STEM fields from 2008 to 2016
Between 2004 and 2016, the number of foreign student graduates who were approved for the OPT program rivaled the number of high-skilled workers initially approved for the nation’s largest temporary employment visa program, also known as the H-1B visa...

— NEIL G. RUIZ AND ABBY BUDIMAN,
Pew Research Center: "Number of Foreign College Students Staying and Working in U.S. After Graduation Surges"

Foreign student (F-1) employment authorization documents (EAD) are beyond the scope of this document, but included is the last three full years of available data.

EADs by Classification and Basis for Eligibility, Oct. 1, 2012 - June 29, 2017	Approvals FY14*	Approvals FY15*	Approvals FY16**
F-1 Pre-completion Optional Practical Training	3,584	3,955	3,351
F-1 Post Optional Practical Training	109,874	132,163	154,120
F-1 STEM students	21,977	28,083	45,184
F-1 International Org.	32	32	47
F-1 Severe Economic Hardship	681	903	1,033
Totals	136,148	165,136	203,735
* Numbers taken from FY16 USCIS Employment Authorization Documents Annual Report to Congress ** Numbers reported by USCIS Office of Performance and Quality

Our second gauge of US degree production comes from the DHS published CIPs, eligible for the STEM Extension.

• The following is a table of the average 628,897 citizen and permanent resident yearly graduates who do not receive the OPT extension subsidy.

• From the DHS STEM designation list, 628,897 degrees are conferred annually, 113,653 associate degrees are included. Arguably, a three year, tax subsidized, internship would go a long way to enhancing the employability of these graduates.

DHS: STEM Designated Degree Program (CIP) List Effective May 10, 2016
NSF-NCES Degree Production (2013-2015) - Citizens and Permanent Residents
Academic Discipline, 6-digit Classification of Instructional Program (CIP)	Doctorate Degrees	Masters Degrees	Bachelors Degrees	Associate Degrees
01.0308 Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture	151	138	289	85
01.0901 Animal Sciences, General	1,259	1,004	15,445	425
01.0902 Agricultural Animal Breeding	19	13
01.0903 Animal Health	5	5	3	17
01.0904 Animal Nutrition	8
01.0905 Dairy Science	26	22	431	152
01.0906 Livestock Management	9	5	48
01.0907 Poultry Science	51	36	314	13
01.0999 Animal Sciences, Other	13	13	211	181
01.1001 Food Science	984	833	3,780	39
01.1002 Food Technology and Processing	26	22	23	29
01.1099 Food Science and Technology, Other	60	57	8	6
01.1101 Plant Sciences, General	310	238	1,272	27
01.1102 Agronomy and Crop Science	613	479	1,761	107
01.1103 Horticultural Science	290	223	1,783	100
01.1104 Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding	63	36	10	2
01.1105 Plant Protection & Integrated Pest Management	67	57	127	29
01.1106 Range Science and Management	116	100	416	28
01.1199 Plant Sciences, Other	157	115	120
01.1201 Soil Science and Agronomy, General	377	275	440	2
01.1202 Soil Chemistry and Physics	8	8	67
01.1299 Soil Sciences, Other	46	35	112
03.0502 Forest Sciences and Biology	501	333	542	1
03.0508 Urban Forestry	33	25	40	94
03.0509 Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology	39	31	163	12
03.0601 Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management	542	428	4,233	612
04.0902 Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology	247	237	317	24
09.0702 Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia	898	839	6,651	1,601
10.0304 Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special Effects	583	583	6,277	2,758
11.0101 Computer and Information Sciences, General	6,942	6,199	36,080	13,364
11.0102 Artificial Intelligence	176	143
11.0103 Information Technology	5,667	5,531	20,046	13,407
11.0104 Informatics	748	723	1,755	1
11.0199 Computer Science, Other	274	227	848	153
11.0201 Computer Programming/Programmer, General	153	148	3,877	8,233
11.0202 Computer Programming Special Applications	72	72	759	1,957
11.0203 Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification				19
11.0299 Computer Programming, Other			93	36
11.0301 Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician			214	2,892
11.0401 Information Science/Studies	9,642	9,296	17,371	2,973
11.0501 Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst	536	536	4,304	574
11.0701 Computer Science	8,877	7,665	37,151	3,443
11.0801 Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design	539	539	4,812	6,615
11.0802 Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration	327	327	534	456
11.0803 Computer Graphics	224	224	4,209	2,118
11.0804 Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation	105	104	669	36
11.0899 Computer Software and Media Applications, Other	164	164	716	452
11.0901 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications	1,189	1,186	5,567	23,910
11.1001 Network and System Administration/Administrator	100	100	2,021	7,089
11.1002 System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager	57	57	611	11,309
11.1003 Computer and Information Systems Security/Information Assurance	4,918	4,868	13,037	3,631
11.1004 Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster	15	15	1,187	1,633
11.1005 Information Technology Project Management	570	553	1,006	118
11.1006 Computer Support Specialist			98	3,771
11.1099 Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, Other	532	532	1,359	730
13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology	12,866	12,460	113	237
13.0601 Educational Evaluation and Research	343	144
13.0603 Educational Statistics and Research Methods	149	89
14.0101 Engineering, General	4,976	4,455	5,979	6,878
14.0102 Pre-Engineering			49	2,424
14.0201 Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering	3,524	2,953	10,085	3
14.0301 Agricultural Engineering	641	497	2,821	14
14.0401 Architectural Engineering	354	338	1,947	25
14.0501 Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering	6,285	4,241	15,241	74
14.0601 Ceramic Sciences and Engineering	55	30	237
14.0701 Chemical Engineering	3,546	2,177	22,250	76
14.0702 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering	69	49	349	1
14.0799 Chemical Engineering, Other	7	7
14.0801 Civil Engineering, General	11,360	10,272	36,583	174
14.0802 Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering	2	2
14.0803 Structural Engineering	480	456	519	2
14.0804 Transportation and Highway Engineering	166	151	9	25
14.0805 Water Resources Engineering	190	165	26	13
14.0899 Civil Engineering, Other	46	45	44	18
14.0901 Computer Engineering, General	2,416	2,093	14,167	80
14.0902 Computer Hardware Engineering	87	87
14.0903 Computer Software Engineering	1,820	1,810	1,842	58
14.0999 Computer Engineering, Other	28	24	131	66
14.1001 Electrical and Electronics Engineering	12,291	10,172	36,438	526
14.1003 Laser and Optical Engineering	74	50	38
14.1004 Telecommunications Engineering	104	104	6	70
14.1099 Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other	81	67	215	2
14.1101 Engineering Mechanics	220	164	253	33
14.1201 Engineering Physics/Applied Physics	289	171	1,381	38
14.1301 Engineering Science	691	541	1,209	746
14.1401 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering	1,927	1,685	3,666	46
14.1801 Materials Engineering	2,165	1,350	3,273	11
14.1901 Mechanical Engineering	13,297	11,413	68,984	512
14.2001 Metallurgical Engineering	91	70	320
14.2101 Mining and Mineral Engineering	133	110	785
14.2201 Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering	105	86	1,167	8
14.2301 Nuclear Engineering	1,108	818	1,607
14.2401 Ocean Engineering	190	169	534
14.2501 Petroleum Engineering	486	444	3,345	3
14.2701 Systems Engineering	4,780	4,579	2,203
14.2801 Textile Sciences and Engineering	90	65	709
14.3201 Polymer/Plastics Engineering	243	162	280
14.3301 Construction Engineering	204	204	1,198	14
14.3401 Forest Engineering	7	5	69
14.3501 Industrial Engineering	2,966	2,683	10,756	139
14.3601 Manufacturing Engineering	550	542	894	6
14.3701 Operations Research	605	560	979	13
14.3801 Surveying Engineering	25	24	96	30
14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering	423	400	530
14.4001 Paper Science and Engineering	9	5	36	16
14.4101 Electromechanical Engineering			140
14.4201 Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering	129	107	77	58
14.4301 Biochemical Engineering	5	5	173
14.4401 Engineering Chemistry			15
14.4501 Biological/Biosystems Engineering	38	24	574
14.9999 Engineering, Other	2,695	2,503	2,146	153
15.0101 Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician	19	19	1,086	2,000
15.0201 Civil Engineering Technology/Technician			1,470	2,535
15.0303 Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician	49	49	5,248	22,021
15.0304 Laser and Optical Technology/Technician				221
15.0305 Telecommunications Technology/Technician	65	65	259	924
15.0399 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other	5	5	2,023	1,995
15.0401 Biomedical Technology/Technician	6	1	325	2,377
15.0403 Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology	11	11	236	2,148
15.0404 Instrumentation Technology/Technician			90	2,879
15.0405 Robotics Technology/Technician			24	513
15.0406 Automation Engineer Technology/Technician			137	619
15.0499 Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians, Ot			30	1,277
15.0501 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology/Te			7	3,367
15.0503 Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician	242	242	315	2,385
15.0505 Solar Energy Technology/Technician	27	27	175	298
15.0506 Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/Technic			43	835
15.0507 Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology	190	187	347	655
15.0508 Hazardous Materials Management and WasteTechnology/Technician				160
15.0599 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, Other	89	89	47	281
15.0607 Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/Technician	4	4	240	151
15.0611 Metallurgical Technology/Technician				140
15.0612 Industrial Technology/Technician	573	537	4,855	4,068
15.0613 Manufacturing Engineering Technology/Technician	147	147	1,577	3,077
15.0614 Welding Engineering Technology/Technician			29	54
15.0615 Chemical Engineering Technology/Technician				5
15.0616 Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology				32
15.0699 Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, Other	9	9	841	3,145
15.0701 Occupational Safety and Health Technology/Technician	1,397	1,397	3,795	2,136
15.0702 Quality Control Technology/Technician	304	304	52	309
15.0703 Industrial Safety Technology/Technician	70	70	293	98
15.0799 Quality Control and Safety Technologies/Technicians, Other	6	6	140	23
15.0801 Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering Technology/Technician	94	94	265	475
15.0803 Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician	11	11	794	1,269
15.0805 Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician	51	51	4,603	3,905
15.0899 Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians, Other			546	291
15.0901 Mining Technology/Technician			12	156
15.0903 Petroleum Technology/Technician			67	1,193
15.0999 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians, Other				16
15.1001 Construction Engineering Technology/Technician	303	300	4,899	1,822
15.1102 Survey Technology/ Surveying	6	5	568	688
15.1103 Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/ Technician			11	146
15.1199 Engineering-Related Technologies, Other				57
15.1201 Computer Engineering Technology/ Technician			1,383	2,189
15.1202 Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology	14	14	816	3,418
15.1203 Computer Hardware Technology/Technician				8
15.1204 Computer Software Technology/Technician			114	169
15.1299 Computer Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other			78	89
15.1301 Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, General			204	8,306
15.1302 CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician	13	12	271	4,602
15.1303 Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD			4	2,215
15.1304 Civil Drafting and Civil Engineering CAD/CADD			13	161
15.1305 Electrical/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/ Electronics CAD/CADD				57
15.1306 Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD			101	1,640
15.1399 Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other			26	143
15.1401 Nuclear Engineering Technology/Technician			523	407
15.1501 Engineering/Industrial Management	6,068	5,983	2,205	67
15.1502 Engineering Design	76	74		10
15.1503 Packaging Science	74	71	940
15.1599 Engineering-Related Fields, Other	41	20	68	4
15.1601 Nanotechnology	33	27	17	105
15.9999 Engineering Technologies and Engineering-Related Fields, Other	773	759	5,509	4,738
26.0101 Biology/Biological Sciences, General	11,209	9,038	205,585	11,690
26.0102 Biomedical Sciences, General	5,181	4,142	8,719	155
26.0202 Biochemistry	1,730	691	20,742	3
26.0203 Biophysics	323	64	386
26.0204 Molecular Biology	1,086	596	2,111
26.0205 Molecular Biochemistry	256	125	1,167
26.0206 Molecular Biophysics	35	5
26.0207 Structural Biology	17	3
26.0209 Radiation Biology/ Radiobiology	43	26	25
26.0210 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology	525	173	2,105
26.0299 Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Other	72	21	574
26.0301 Botany/Plant Biology	428	215	592	1
26.0305 Plant Pathology/Phytopathology	255	147	38
26.0307 Plant Physiology	10	3
26.0308 Plant Molecular Biology	18	2	1
26.0399 Botany/Plant Biology, Other	32	31	47
26.0401 Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology	346	54	1,153	148
26.0403 Anatomy	511	407	1,121
26.0404 Developmental Biology and Embryology	163	77	127
26.0406 Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology	1,474	418	6,733
26.0407 Cell Biology and Anatomy	134	35	18
26.0499 Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other	546	275	330	25
26.0502 Microbiology, General	961	454	5,776	8
26.0503 Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology	724	405	1,812
26.0504 Virology	38	1
26.0505 Parasitology	7	6
26.0507 Immunology	541	98
26.0508 Microbiology and Immunology	266	59	317
26.0599 Microbiological Sciences and Immunology, Other	270	105	373
26.0701 Zoology/Animal Biology	715	499	4,820	27
26.0702 Entomology	603	392	300
26.0707 Animal Physiology	241	185	205
26.0708 Animal Behavior and Ethology	47	33	209
26.0709 Wildlife Biology	51	39	1,130	27
26.0799 Zoology/Animal Biology, Other	60	55	59	5
26.0801 Genetics, General	413	124	730
26.0802 Molecular Genetics	198	50	521
26.0804 Animal Genetics	181	61	75
26.0805 Plant Genetics	29	10	12
26.0806 Human/Medical Genetics	474	281	2
26.0807 Genome Sciences/Genomics	18	4	5
26.0899 Genetics, Other	42	6
26.0901 Physiology, General	1,864	1,521	4,523	2
26.0902 Molecular Physiology	72	19
26.0903 Cell Physiology	95	42
26.0904 Endocrinology	22	6
26.0905 Reproductive Biology	22	19
26.0907 Cardiovascular Science	27	17		101
26.0908 Exercise Physiology	865	716	7,401	28
26.0909 Vision Science/Physiological Optics	98	61	271
26.0910 Pathology/Experimental Pathology	658	217	81
26.0911 Oncology and Cancer Biology	327	77
26.0999 Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other	28	7
26.1001 Pharmacology	849	328	147	2
26.1002 Molecular Pharmacology	97	10
26.1003 Neuropharmacology	35	35
26.1004 Toxicology	315	124	314
26.1005 Molecular Toxicology	8
26.1006 Environmental Toxicology	171	114	101
26.1007 Pharmacology and Toxicology	241	143	189
26.1101 Biometry/ Biometrics	62	33	81
26.1102 Biostatistics	1,221	954	65
26.1103 Bioinformatics	686	505	400	26
26.1104 Computational Biology	85	21	82
26.1199 Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Other	70	43	80
26.1201 Biotechnology	2,627	2,617	2,199	917
26.1301 Ecology	888	421	2,215	2
26.1302 Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography	788	641	3,684	92
26.1303 Evolutionary Biology	112	40	318
26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology	38	38	254
26.1305 Environmental Biology	135	117	778	14
26.1306 Population Biology	20	8
26.1307 Conservation Biology	321	277	457
26.1308 Systematic Biology/Biological Systematics	19	3
26.1309 Epidemiology	3,421	2,721	72
26.1310 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology	326	117	990
26.1399 Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other	153	69	427
26.1401 Molecular Medicine	132	33
26.1501 Neuroscience	1,778	388	11,925
26.1503 Neurobiology and Anatomy	315	42	1,806
26.1504 Neurobiology and Behavior	123	83	228
26.1599 Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other	8		17
26.9999 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other	3,736	3,299	4,187	173
27.0101 Mathematics, General	8,076	6,235	46,345	6,296
27.0102 Algebra and Number Theory				14
27.0103 Analysis and Functional Analysis			1
27.0105 Topology and Foundations	5
27.0199 Mathematics, Other	127	110	613	61
27.0301 Applied Mathematics, General	1,818	1,472	4,126
27.0303 Computational Mathematics	81	32	326
27.0304 Computational and Applied Mathematics	173	129	210
27.0305 Financial Mathematics	457	457	223
27.0306 Mathematical Biology			45
27.0399 Applied Mathematics, Other	125	103	312
27.0501 Statistics, General	3,337	2,937	2,882
27.0502 Mathematical Statistics and Probability	137	127	195
27.0503 Mathematics and Statistics	136	136	157
27.0599 Statistics, Other	66	61	156	9
27.9999 Mathematics and Statistics, Other	98	77	494
29.0201 Intelligence, General	33	33	249	2,367
29.0202 Strategic Intelligence	77	77
29.0203 Signal/Geospatial Intelligence				28
29.0207 Cyber/Electronic Operations and Warfare	3	3
29.0299 Intelligence, Command Control and Information Operations, Other	10	10		10
29.0399 Military Applied Sciences, Other	2	2	161	368
29.0402 Air and Space Operations Technology				164
29.0404 Explosive Ordinance/Bomb Disposal				33
29.0408 Munitions Systems/Ordinance Technology				4
29.9999 Military Technologies and Applied Sciences, Other	1	1	147	341
30.0101 Biological and Physical Sciences	1,169	1,056	6,523	57,833
30.0601 Systems Science and Theory	668	630	717
30.0801 Mathematics and Computer Science	94	53	657	1
30.1001 Biopsychology	25	13	514
30.1701 Behavioral Sciences	266	199	16,462	7,631
30.1801 Natural Sciences	288	272	2,244	1,286
30.1901 Nutrition Sciences	2,101	1,839	5,715	48
30.2501 Cognitive Science	253	175	2,488
30.3001 Computational Science	83	70	49
30.3101 Human Computer Interaction	348	336	106
30.3201 Marine Sciences	174	141	208	4
30.3301 Sustainability Studies	837	829	830	55
40.0101 Physical Sciences	134	98	1,146	8,321
40.0201 Astronomy	457	246	589	17
40.0202 Astrophysics	160	75	420
40.0203 Planetary Astronomy and Science	83	33	25
40.0299 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other	47	24	89
40.0401 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General	766	539	1,543	1
40.0403 Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics	4	2
40.0404 Meteorology	111	77	588
40.0499 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other	18	6	59	12
40.0501 Chemistry, General	9,225	4,475	39,098	2,070
40.0502 Analytical Chemistry	58	42	28
40.0503 Inorganic Chemistry	4	1
40.0504 Organic Chemistry	19	3
40.0506 Physical Chemistry	32	1	6
40.0507 Polymer Chemistry	66	31	8
40.0508 Chemical Physics	35	6	77
40.0509 Environmental Chemistry	18	4	19
40.0510 Forensic Chemistry			197	6
40.0511 Theoretical Chemistry			19
40.0599 Chemistry, Other	178	96	1,660	17
40.0601 Geology/Earth Science, General	4,625	3,732	14,637	216
40.0602 Geochemistry	31	17	48
40.0603 Geophysics and Seismology	304	212	356
40.0604 Paleontology	9	9	8	3
40.0605 Hydrology and Water Resources Science	208	178	154	32
40.0607 Oceanography, Chemical and Physical	656	391	747	110
40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other	438	318	1,410	22
40.0801 Physics, General	6,044	3,361	17,120	1,505
40.0802 Atomic/Molecular Physics	28	20	3
40.0804 Elementary Particle Physics	1	1
40.0806 Nuclear Physics	5	2	1
40.0807 Optics/Optical Sciences	244	158	95	75
40.0808 Condensed Matter and Materials Physics	11	2
40.0809 Acoustics	50	37	62
40.0810 Theoretical and Mathematical Physics			32
40.0899 Physics, Other	434	287	664
40.1001 Materials Science	471	262	387	17
40.1002 Materials Chemistry	43	30	20
40.1099 Materials Sciences, Other	3	1
40.9999 Physical Sciences, Other	330	271	1,088	353
41.0101 Biology Technician/Biotechnology Laboratory Technician	6		85	1,247
41.0204 Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician				177
41.0205 Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician	9	9	49	470
41.0299 Nuclear and Industrial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, Other			2	3
41.0301 Chemical Technology/Technician	1	1	21	2,828
41.0303 Chemical Process Technology				10
41.0399 Physical Science Technologies/Technicians, Other				32
41.9999 Science Technologies/Technicians, Other	94	94	1,377	2,379
42.2701 Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics	35	17	247
42.2702 Comparative Psychology	25	25
42.2703 Developmental and Child Psychology	996	869	1,965	15
42.2704 Experimental Psychology	802	487	2,920
42.2705 Personality Psychology	38	19	48
42.2706 Physiological Psychology/Psychobiology	97	73	3,233
42.2707 Social Psychologyr	354	229	2,961	59
42.2708 Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology	67	38	2
42.2709 Psychopharmacology	114	114
42.2799 Research and Experimental Psychology, Other	165	45	2,668
43.0106 Forensic Science and Technology	1,818	1,818	3,542	1,385
43.0116 Cyber/Computer Forensics and Counterterrorism	271	271	505	229
45.0301 Archeology	200	156	649	23
45.0603 Econometrics and Quantitative Economics	118	107	1,544
45.0702 Geographic Information Science and Cartography	883	868	822	260
49.0101 Aeronautics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, General	1,699	1,690	6,836	1,408
51.1002 Cytotechnology/Cytotechnologist	31	31	171	1
51.1005 Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist	499	499	8,011	286
51.1401 Medical Scientist	1,232	1,175
51.2003 Pharmaceutics and Drug Design	438	212	438
51.2004 Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry	282	115	63
51.2005 Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy	6	3
51.2006 Clinical and Industrial Drug Development	344	344	102
51.2007 Pharmacoeconomics/Pharmaceutical Economics	305	2
51.2009 Industrial and Physical Pharmacy and Cosmetic Sciences	37	37	4
51.2010 Pharmaceutical Sciences	423	241	1,830	41
51.2202 Environmental Health	1,584	1,388	954	66
51.2205 Health/ Medical Physics	432	335	111	2
51.2503 Veterinary Physiology	6
51.2504 Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology	17	9	80
51.2505 Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology	46	9
51.2510 Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health	24	24
51.2511 Veterinary Infectious Diseases	10
51.2706 Medical Informatics	1,360	1,237	313	152
52.1301 Management Science	3,589	3,561	8,404	180
52.1302 Business Statistics	179	179	266
52.1304 Actuarial Science	334	334	2,349
52.1399 Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods, Other	762	751	879
01.0308 Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture	29	18	1
3 Year total	274,839	223,254	1,047,638	340,959
1 Year Average By Academic Level	91,613	74,418	349,213	113,653
Average 1 Year Degree Production = 628,897
Year: 2015, 2014, 2013
Academic Discipline, 6-digit Classification of Instructional Program (CIP)
Level of Degree or Other Award: Doctorate Degrees, Doctorate Degree-Research/Scholarship, Doctorate Degree-Professional Practice, Doctorate Degree-Other, First Professional Degrees, Master's Degrees, Bachelor's Degrees, Associate's Degrees
Citizenship (standardized): U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents

NCES STEM degree production

Provided is National Science Foundation published (NCES colleges) graduation statistic in STEM related curriculums, these exclude temporary residents. The following is the latest 3 years of data available from the National Science Foundation's, WebCASPAR website.

NCES Level of Degree or Other Award, Citizens and Permanent Residents
		Doctorate degrees	Masters degrees	Bachelors degrees	Associate degrees
Year	Academic Discipline 2-digit Classification of Instructional Program (CIP)
2013	04 Architecture and Related Services	157	6,679	9,211	458
	11 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services	870	12,725	49,204	38,608
	14 Engineering	4,031	23,263	80,300	3,599
	15 Engineering Technologies and Engineering Related Fields	57	3,545	16,122	34,248
	25 Library Science	34	6,928	102	193
	26 Biological and Biomedical Sciences	5,838	11,257	98,844	4,112
	27 Mathematics and Statistics	912	4,002	18,412	1,733
	40 Physical Sciences	3,337	5,049	26,417	3,851
	41 Science Technologies/Technicians	2	32	563	2,264
2014	04 Architecture and Related Services	135	6,240	8,557	400
	11 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services	922	13,409	53,311	37,312
	14 Engineering	4,380	23,308	85,681	4,094
	15 Engineering Technologies and Engineering Related Fields	53	3,504	15,731	32,293
	25 Library Science	37	5,771	127	196
	26 Biological and Biomedical Sciences	6,072	11,780	103,543	4,475
	27 Mathematics and Statistics	948	3,927	18,605	2,045
	40 Physical Sciences	3,413	4,986	27,679	4,235
	41 Science Technologies/Technicians	1	30	489	2,382
2015	04 Architecture and Related Services	160	6,020	8,421	470
	11 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services	912	14,199	56,940	36,097
	14 Engineering	4,528	22,563	90,394	4,662
	15 Engineering Technologies and Engineering Related Fields	70	3,541	15,868	32,533
	25 Library Science	37	5,190	99	175
	26 Biological and Biomedical Sciences	5,880	12,304	108,825	4,859
	27 Mathematics and Statistics	900	3,947	19,068	2,602
	40 Physical Sciences	3,552	5,013	28,307	4,691
	41 Science Technologies/Technicians	3	42	482	2,500
	Subtotals	47,241	219,254	941,302	265,087
	Yearly average by degree	15,747	73,085	313,767	88,362
Yearly average STEM degree production (Citizens and Permanent residents) = 490,961
Year: 2015, 2014, 2013
Academic Discipline, 2-digit Classification of Instructional Program (CIP): 04 Architecture and Related Services, 11 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, 14 Engineering, 15 Engineering Technologies and Engineering Related Fields, 25 Library Science, 26 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 27 Mathematics and Statistics, 40 Physical Sciences, 41 Science Technologies/Technicians
Level of Degree or Other Award: Doctorate Degrees, Doctorate Degree-Research/Scholarship, Doctorate Degree-Professional Practice, Doctorate Degree-Other, First Professional Degrees, Master's Degrees, Bachelor's Degrees, Associate's Degrees
Citizenship (standardized): U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents

Conclusion

In conclusion, we don't feel it is wise national policy to dedicate 100% or more of our STEM employment growth to temporary foreign workers.

• Using the exact CIPs derived from the BLS STEM occupations list, average degree production (524,922 yr.), exceeded four times the STEM employment growth for 2017.
• Using the DHS OPT definition of STEM CIPs, used for temporary immigration purposes, average degree production (628,897 yr.) exceeds 5 times the amount of 2017 STEM employment growth in 2017.
• Using the more traditional 2-digit Classification for known STEM CIP groupings, the average degrees conferred (490,961 yr.), exceeded four times the 2017 employment growth.

STEM Employment Opportunity Breakdown for US Workers (Of the STEM employment growth of 118,740 in 2017)
H-1B visa employment share	86,030	72.45%
L-1 visa employment share	36,677	30.89%
NAFTA visa employment share	7,562	6.37%
Total temporary employment visa share	130,269	109.71%
US STEM employment share = -11,529

There are several glaring policy questions that come to mind.

1. What percentage of an occupation's annual employment growth should be dedicated to temporary foreign workers?
2. During recessions, occupational employment levels often go negative, but temporary foreign work visas continue to be awarded to those occupations. Is this fair to United States college students graduating into recession?
3. During recession recoveries, should there be a moratorium on temporary foreign work visas, so that citizens and permanent residents are included in the recovery?
4. On April 7, 2017, USCIS announced that they had received 199,000 H-1B petitions during the filing period, "including petitions filed for the advanced degree exemption." With a cap of 85,000, on May 3, 2017, USCIS announced, " USCIS will now begin returning all H-1B cap-subject petitions that were not selected." Bloomberg reports that filing fees of $4000.00 are returned with these 114,000 rejected petitions. Of this $465 million in unrealized revenue, a $500.00 Fraud Prevention fee and a $750.00 to $1500.00 ACWIA retraining fee go uncollected. How does USCIS justify depriving US citizens and permanent residents, from these hundreds of millions of dollars worth of protections and retraining funds annually?

Further reading

• "Yoder’s Green-Card Giveaway Will Expand Bias Against U.S. College-Grads, Say American Professionals", by Neil Munro, August 16, 2018.

Epilogue

Review by Neil Munro

‏Great page, but we need to subtract the H-1Bs/L-1s who leave. (Many stay in the EB-line, & 70K get GCs). I'd guess this data shows that most entry-level STEM jobs go to visa-workers & EB-GCs. Many entry-level accounting/biz/healthcare degrees go to visa-workers.

@NeilMunroDC

6:16 PM - 27 Sep 2018[1]

• The government does not provide departure data, but over 90% of H-1B are renewed for a second three year term. This report is primarily concerned with one year, 2017.

• The "EB-Line" (Employment based permanent residence), is not an adjustment of status, it is an extension (AC21) of the H-1B or L-1 that allows the non-immigrant to extend beyond the initial six year limitation. Technically, these are still H-1B and L-1 visa holders.

• If most entry level STEM jobs go to visa workers, then we are conferring over 300,000 worthless STEM bachelor's degrees per year to citizens and permanent residents.

• This report focuses on 2017, initial employment approvals for H-1B 77.7% (86,030). Other mentioned occupational classifications for 2017:

• Administrative Specializations = 6.2% (6,711)
• Medicine and Health = 4.4% (4,696)
• Managers and Officials N.E.C.* = 1.3% (1,398)

• This report purposely excluded the OPT extension, aka "H-1B Cap Gap" for foreign STEM students. In addition to the 130,269 H-1B, L-1 and NAFTA workers added in 2017 (110% of employment growth), an additional 45,184 (2016) foreign students entered the U.S. STEM workforce for up to 3 years.

Finally, if we take into consideration that there are 1.5 million Indian nationals backlogged in our employment based green card system since 2004, departures and retirements are not likely to represent a significant portion of these presumably entry level positions.