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Errors in the issued by Wikipedia's <code>&lt;ref></code> system , in which citation templates are typically embedded, can be found at [[Help:Cite errors]].

<section begin=control_error_messages_help_text /><section begin="show_error_messages_help_text " /><section begin="show_all_messages_help_text " />By default, {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} error messages are visible to all readers and maintenance category messages are hidden from all readers.

<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-maint {display: inline;} /* display Citation Style 1 maintenance messages */</syntaxhighlight><!-- For i18n

<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-hidden-error {display: inline;} /* hide display hidden Citation Style 1 error messages */</syntaxhighlight>-->

Even with this css CSS installed, older pages in Wikipedia's cache may not have been updated to show these error messages even though the page is listed in one of the tracking categories. A [[WP:NULLEDIT|null edit]] will resolve that issue.

To hide normally-displayed error messages:<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-visible-error {display: none;} /* hide Citation Style 1 error messages */</syntaxhighlight>

You can personalize the display of these messages (such as changing the color), but you will need to ask someone who knows CSS or at [[WP:VPT|the technical village pump]] if you do not understand how.<section end=show_error_messages_help_text "show_all_messages_help_text" /><section end=show_all_messages_help_text "show_error_messages_help_text" />

* [[#Cite &lt;template> requires %7C&lt;param>=]], ~52k 56k pages* [[#Cite has empty unknown parameter: &lt;param>]], ~44k pages* [[#Citation without a title of any form]], ~32k 37k pages* [[#Bare URL without a title]], ~24k 26k pages* [[#Check date values in: %7C&lt;param1>=, %7C&lt;param2>=, ...]], ~20k 15k pages* [[#External link in %7C&lt;param>=]], ~15k 13k pages* [[#Missing or empty %7Curl=]], ~10k 9k pages {{SeeAlso|Category:CS1 errors|Category:CS1 maintenance}}

 <section begin="accessdate_missing_url_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|access-date=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">help_text_error_messages|url=</code></span>err_accessdate_missing_url}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL help_text_cats| Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL err_accessdate_missing_url| [[:Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL}} pages)=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="accessdate_missing_url_help_text " />

<section begin="archive_url_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_archive_url|archive-url$1=</code> is malformed: &lt;reason></span>}}

Archive.org allows a variety of urls URLs to access snapshots of an archived page. Some of these are::<code><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/YYYYMMDD</nowiki><wbr /><nowiki>hhmmss/http://www.example.com</nowiki></code> – a single snapshot; this is the preferred form for use with {{para|archive-url}}:<code><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://</nowiki><wbr />www.example.com</code> – a wildcard search results page; useful for locating an appropriate snapshot but not appropriate in a citation:<code><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/</nowiki><wbr />201603/<nowiki>http://www.example.com</nowiki></code> – incomplete timestamp; archive.org returns the most recent snapshot:<code><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/save/http://</nowiki><wbr />www.example.com</code> – saves a new snapshot of the current target; do not use this formThere are two forms of the basic urlURL::<code><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/</nowiki><''timestamp''>/...</code> – the old form:<code><nowiki>https://web.archive.org</nowiki>/'''web/'''<''timestamp''><''flags''>/...</code> – the new form

:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:inherit;">small|save command</span> }} – the archive.org url URL is the save command:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:inherit;">small|path</span> }} – '''web/''' was expected but something else was found:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:inherit;">small|timestamp</span> }} – the timestamp portion of the url URL path is not 14 digits:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:inherit;">small|flag</span> }} – the flag portion of the url URL path (if present; new form urls URLs only) is not 2 lowercase letters followed by an underscore: 'id_':<span class="{{error" style="font-size:inherit;">small|liveweb</span> }} – <code>liveweb.archive.org</code> is a deprecated form of the domain nameWhen the archive.org url URL has any of these errors, Module:Citation/CS1 does not link to archive.org and emits an appropriate error message.

To resolve this error, choose the url URL of an appropriate snapshot from those held at archive.org. [https://archive.org/web/ Search for the target urlURL].

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors help_text_cats| Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors | [[:Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors]] err_archive_url}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="archive_url_help_text " />

<section begin="archive_missing_date_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding{{#invoke:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|archive-url=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">help_text_error_messages|archive-date=</code></span>err_archive_missing_date}}

To resolve this error, provide a value for {{para|archive-date}}(see acceptable date formats in [[MOS:DATEFORMAT]]). For web resources archived at archive.org,<ref name="archive.org" /> the archival date can be found in the {{para|archive-url}}; for resources archived at webcitation.org,<ref name="webcitation.org" /> the cache date is included in the archive header.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors help_text_cats| Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors | [[:Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors]] err_archive_missing_date}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="archive_missing_date_help_text " />

<section begin="archive_missing_url_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding{{#invoke:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|archive-url=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">help_text_error_messages|url=</code></span>err_archive_missing_url}}

A properly formatted citation that includes {{para|archive-url}} and {{para|archive-date}} requires {{para|url}}. When the citation includes {{para|url-status|live}}, the ordering of elements in the rendered citation is changed to put the original url URL first.

To resolve this error, provide a value for {{para|url}}. For web resources archived at archive.org,<ref name="archive.org" /> the original url URL can be found in the {{para|archive-url}} value; for resources archived at webcitation.org,<ref name="webcitation.org" /> the original url URL is included in the archive header.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors help_text_cats| Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors | [[:Category:Pages with archiveurl citation errors]]err_archive_missing_url}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="archive_missing_url_help_text " />

<section begin="arxiv_missing_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|arxiv=</code> required</span>err_arxiv_missing}}

{{tlx|cite arXiv}} requires one, but not both, of the identifier parameters {{para|arxiv}} or {{para|eprint}}to specify an [[arXiv]] identifier.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_arxiv_missing}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="arxiv_missing_help_text" /> ==<span id="biorxiv_missing">|biorxiv= required</span>== <section begin="biorxiv_missing_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_biorxiv_missing}} {{tlx|cite bioRxiv}} requires the identifier parameter {{FULLPAGENAMEpara|biorxiv}} . To resolve this error, ensure that the template has {{para| Categorybiorxiv}} with a properly constructed value. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:CS1 errors: arXivcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: arXiv help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: arXiv]]err_biorxiv_missing}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=arxiv_missing_help_text "biorxiv_missing_help_text" />

<section begin="chapter_ignored_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_chapter_ignored|$1=chapter=</code> ignored</span>}}

*use a more appropriate citation template, or*place the content of the {{para|chapter}} parameter in {{para|title}}, or*for {{tl|cite news}}, {{para|department}} can be used to give the name of the newspaper's section, such as "Obituaries", or* for {{tl|citation}}, remove {{para|work}} or its aliases such as {{para|website}} and place their content in {{para|title}} if appropriate Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_chapter_ignored}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="chapter_ignored_help_text" /> ==<span id="invisible_char">&lt;char> character in |&lt;param>= at position ''n''</span>==<section begin="invisible_char_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invisible_char|$1=&lt;char> character|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>|$3={{var|n}}}} This error is reported for citations with parameter values that contain invisible or non-printable characters known as [[control character]]s; the error includes the position at which the character can be found. [[Module:Citation/CS1]] detects parameter values that contain any of these characters: * [[non-breaking space]], U+00A0* [[soft hyphen]], U+00AD* [[replacement character]], U+FFFD* [[hair space]], U+200A* [[zero width space]], U+200B* [[zero width joiner]], U+200D* [[horizontal tab]], U+0009 (HT)* [[line feed]], U+0010 (LF)* [[carriage return]], U+0013 (CR)* [[delete character]], U+007F (DEL)* [[C0 and C1 control codes|C0 control]], U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US)* [[C0 and C1 control codes|C1 control]], U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC)

Pages with this To resolve invisible-character errors, remove or replace the identified character. Because these characters are mostly invisible, the error message identifies the character's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are automatically placed not counted. If you move through the citation with the arrow keys then the cursor may stand still once at an invisible character which can be removed with {{keypress|Delete}} or {{keypress|Backspace}}. If you copy-paste a string to the "Characters" field at https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/ and click "View in UniView" then the position and name of all characters is shown. {{#ifeqinvoke: Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invisible_char|$1=&lt;name> stripmarker|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{FULLPAGENAMEpipe}} &lt;param>=</code>| Category:CS1 errors: chapter ignored $3={{var| Categoryn}}}} [[Help:CS1 errors: chapter ignored Strip markers| Strip markers]] are special sequences of characters that [[MediaWiki]] inserts as a place-holder for certain [[:Category:CS1 xml]]-like tags. These tags include {{tag|gallery}}, {{tag|math}}, {{tag|nowiki}}, {{tag|pre}}, and {{tag|ref}}. The strip markers are replaced with content before the final page rendering. The module ignores math and nowiki strip markers. To resolve strip marker errors, remove or replace the identified tag. The error message identifies the strip marker's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. Strip marker errorscan also be caused by unsupported additional text or templates in parameter values{{mdash}}for example, {{tl|ISBN}} in {{para|title}}. Resolve the problem by moving the extraneous text outside of the citation template or by removing the extraneous text or template markup, as appropriate. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke: chapter ignored]]cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invisible_char}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=chapter_ignored_help_text "invisible_char_help_text" />

<section begin="bad_arxiv_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|arxiv=</code> value</span>err_bad_arxiv}}

When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|arxiv}}, a test is done to see if the [[arXiv ]] identifier conforms with the arXiv identifier scheme.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier |title=Understanding the arXiv identifier |website=[[Cornell University Library]] |accessdateaccess-date=2014-08-20}}</ref> The identifier is checked for a valid number of digits in the article id; valid year and month values; and properly-placed hyphens, slashes, and dots.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: arXivcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: arXiv help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: arXiv]]err_bad_arxiv}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_arxiv_help_text " />

<section begin=bad_asin_help_text />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|asin=</code> value</span> When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|asin}}, a test is done to see if the [[ASIN]] identifier is contains ten upper-case alphanumeric characters without punctuation or spaces and that if the first character is numeric, that the ASIN conforms to the rules for a ten-digit [[ISBN]].

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: ASINcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: ASIN help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: ASIN]]err_bad_asin}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_asin_help_text " />

 <section begin="bad_bibcode_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_bibcode|bibcode$1=</code> &lt;message></span>}}

:length must be 19 characters (&lt;message> = '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">length</span>'):characters in position(s): (except as specified otherwise, violations produce '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">value</span>' in the &lt;message> portion of the error message):::1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year (&lt;message> = '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">year</span>')::5 must be a letter::6–8 must be a letter, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &. (&lt;message> = '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">journal</span>'))::9 must be a letter or dot::10–18 must be a letter, digit, or dot::19 must be a letter or dot

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: bibcodecs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: bibcode help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: bibcode]]err_bad_bibcode}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_bibcode_help_text " />

<section begin=bad_biorxiv_help_text />When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|biorxiv}}, a test is done to see if the [[bioRxiv]] identifier has the proper form. There are two valid forms:: six numeric characters without punctuation or spaces.: ymd format date prefix followed by six numeric characters without punctuation or spaces followed by optional version::: {{help deskpara|biorxiv|yyyy.mm.dd.######v#}}where:::: <code>yyyy.mm.dd.</code> – represents a date no earlier than 11 December 2019 (<span class="error"code>Check 2019.12.11.</code style="color>) and no later than tomorrow's date; date must be a valid date:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;"<code>|biorxiv=######</code> value– 6-digit bioRxiv identifier::: <code>v#</spancode>– optional version indicator

When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|biorxiv}}, a test is done to see if the [[bioRxiv]] identifier comprises six numeric characters without punctuation or spaces. A common error is to include the bioRxiv ''urlURL'' (<code><nowiki>https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/</nowiki><span style=color:{{red>|&lt;{{var|BIORXIV>}}}}</spancode>), or the biorxiv ''doiDOI'' (<code>10.1101/<span style=color:{{red>|&lt;{{var|BIORXIV>}}}}</spancode>).

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: bioRxivcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv]]err_bad_biorxiv}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_biorxiv_help_text " />

 <section begin="bad_citeseerx_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|citeseerx=</code> value</span>err_bad_citeseerx}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: citeseerxcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: citeseerx help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: citeseerx]]err_bad_citeseerx}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_citeseerx_help_text " />

<section begin="bad_date_help_text " />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_date|$1=<span code class="errorcs1-code">Check date values in: {{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code styleclass="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;cs1-code"><nowiki>|<param1{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=, |<param2/code>=, ...</nowiki></code></span>}}

*impossible dates, such as 29 February 2011 (2011 was not a leap year)

*misplaced, incorrect, or extraneous punctuation*extraneous text *hyphens or slashes instead of en dashes in date ranges (en dashes are required) *misspelling or improper capitalization (see [[MOS:ALLCAPS]] for more detail that is not in [[MOS:DATEFORMAT|Wikipedia Manual of Style's guidance on dates]])*other unacceptable date formats listed in [[MOS:BADDATEFORMAT]]*more than one date in a date-holding parameter*years before 100 AD, including BCE/BC dates. Try using parameter {{para|orig-yeardate}} instead.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: dates cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: dates help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: dates]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:CS1 errors: dates}} pages)err_bad_date}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_date_help_text " />{{anchor| Date Fix Table|Dates|DateFixTable}}

| Access date in future (see note above) || {{para|plain=y|accessdateaccess-date|{{red|{{day+1|{{day+1}}}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}} || {{para|plain=y|accessdateaccess-date|{{Currentmonthday}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}

*{{para|plain=y|date|2002–{{green|20}}03}}*{{para|plain=y|date|{{green|March}} 2002}}}}

*{{para|plain=y|date|{{green|Feb}} 28, 1900}}*{{para|plain=y|date|{{green|February}} 28, 1900}}}}

| Non-date text || {{para|plain=y|date|2008{{red|, originally 2000}}}} || {{para|plain=y|date|2008}} {{green|{{para|plain=y|orig-yeardate|2000}}}}

*{{para|plain=y|date|{{green|December 6, 19}}87}}*{{para|plain=y|date|{{green|12 June 19}}87}}}}

|Approximate or uncertain dates || {{para|plain=y|date|{{red|circa}} 1970}} or {{para|plain=y|date|{{red|<nowiki>{{circa}}</nowiki>}} 1970}} ||{{para|plain=y|date|{{green|c.}} 1970}}

<section begin="bad_doi_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|doi=</code> value</span>err_bad_doi}}

When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|doi}}, a test is done to see if the prefix portion of the [[Digital object identifier|DOI]] value is correctly formatted and has what appears to be a valid registrant code. A proper doi DOI prefix begins with the <code>10.</code> directory indicator. The remaining portion of the prefix is a string of digits and the dot character which form the registrant code. When the directory indicator is <code>10.</code>, the cs1CS1|2 templates test for a valid registrant code. Valid registrant codes:*must be composed of digits*must be in the range:

** 10000–3999910000–49999*may have one or more subcodes that begin with a dot followed by digits (1000.10)*must not be 5555 (invalid/temporary/test)

In very rare cases, publishers have released works with a DOI deviating from the standard form. If you are certain that such a non-conforming DOI truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]] around the identifier to suppress the error message. (Do not use this markup for DOIs, which are ''inactive'' rather than ''non-conforming''. Instead, use {{para|doi-broken-date}} for them.) Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errorsinvoke: DOI cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: DOI help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: DOI]]err_bad_doi}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_doi_help_text " />

<section begin="bad_hdl_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|hdl=</code> value</span>err_bad_hdl}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: HDL cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: HDL help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: HDL]]err_bad_hdl}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_hdl_help_text " />

<section begin="bad_isbn_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_isbn|isbn$1=</code> value: &lt;type></span>}}

{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates that contain {{para|isbn}} are checked to ensure that the [[ISBN]] is the proper length (ten or thirteen digits), that the ISBN uses the correct optional separators (simple space or hyphen), and that the final [[check digit]] is correct according to the ISBN specification. Only one ISBN is allowed in this field because the whole {{para|isbn}} value is included in the citation's [[COinS]] [[metadata]]. See also [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. More than one ISBN, or characters that are not part of the ISBN, corrupt the COinS metadata and may also corrupt the link to [[Special:BookSources]].(If relevant, they can be specified using {{para|id|{{tlp|ISBN|...}}}} instead.)

:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:100%">small|length</span> }} – ISBN is not 10 or 13 digits:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:100%">small|checksum</span> }} – ISBN has one or more incorrect digits; look for typos and transposition:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:100%">small|invalid character</span> }} – ISBN has one or more 'digits' that is not in the allowed set appropriate to ISBN length:<span class="{{error" style="font-size:100%">small|invalid prefix</span> }} – 13-digit ISBNs must begin with '978' or '979':<span class="{{error" style="font-size:100%">small|invalid form</span> }} – 10-digit ISBNs with the mis-positioned 'X' character: {{error-small|invalid group id}} – 13-digit ISBN begins with '9790'; this prefix / group ID combination is reserved to [[ISMN]]To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|isbn}} value is correct, that only one ISBN is used, that the proper optional separators are used, and that no other text is included. Use the ISBN printed on the work rather than one retrieved from third-party sources. If ''both are available'', use the 13-digit ISBN.. When a 10-digit ISBN is used, if the check digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'.

To * '''Do not''' try to resolve this the error, ensure that by simply recalculating the check digit. The check digit is there to check whether the main part of the {{para|isbn}} value number is correct, that only one . If the ISBN is usedfailing to validate, it is likely that there is a typo in the proper optional separators are usedmain part of the number. In this case, and recalculating the check digit results in an apparently valid ISBN that no other text is includedleads to the wrong source (or to nowhere). Use the 13* If you only have a 10-digit ISBN , ''when it is available'do'''. When a 10use the number as-is, do not try to convert it to the 13-digit form.* If the ISBN as printed in your source is usedrefusing to validate, if '''do''' check both the check digit front matter and the book cover for ISBNs. It is a lowercase not uncommon for the ISBN to be misprinted in the front matter but correct on the cover.* '''xDo', change it to an uppercase 'X'preview your edit and check that the new ISBN does now link to the correct source.

*'''Do not''' try to resolve the error by simply recalculating the check digit. The check digit is there to check whether the main part of the number is correct. If the ISBN is failing to validate, it is likely that there is a typo in the main part of the number. In this case, recalculating the check digit results in an apparently valid ISBN that leads to the wrong source (or to nowhere).*If you only have a 10-digit ISBN, '''do''' use the number as-is, do not try to convert it to the 13-digit form.*If the ISBN as printed in your source is refusing to validate, '''do''' check both the front matter and the book cover for ISBNs. It is not uncommon for the ISBN to be misprinted in the front matter but correct on the cover.*'''Do''' preview your edit and check that the new ISBN does now link to the correct source. In very rare cases, publishers have released books with malformed ISBNs. If you are certain that a non-conforming ISBN truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add {{para[[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|ignoreaccept-isbnthis-error|true}} to as-written markup]] around the citation in order identifier to suppress the error message. In many cases, books may have been reissued with a corrected ISBN. Use a corrected ISBN when possible.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: ISBN help_text_cats| Category:CS1 errors: ISBN | [[:Category:CS1 errors: ISBN]]err_bad_isbn}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=bad_isbn_help_text /><!-- See [[bugzilla:47049]] about {{FULLPAGENAME}}, category pagenames containing ISBN, and #ifeq: --><section end="bad_isbn_help_text" />

<section begin="bad_ismn_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|ismn=</code> value</span>err_bad_ismn}}

{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates that contain {{para|ismn}} are checked to ensure that the [[ISMN]] is the proper length (thirteen digits), that the ISMN uses the correct optional separators (simple space or hyphen), and that the final [[check digit]] is correct according to the ISMN specification. Only one ISMN is allowed in this field because the whole {{para|ismn}} value is included in the citation's [[COinS]] [[metadata]]. See also [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. More than one ISMN, or characters that are not part of the ISMN, corrupt the COinS metadata.(If relevant, they can be specified using {{para|id|{{tlp|ISMN|...}}}} instead.)

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: ISMN cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: ISMN help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: ISMN]]err_bad_ismn}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_ismn_help_text " />

<section begin="bad_issn_help_text " />{{help desk}}<div class="plainlist">*<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|issn$1=</code> value</span>_}}*<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|eissn$1=e}}</codediv> value< {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates that contain {{para|issn}} and/span></div>or {{para|eissn}} are checked to ensure that the [[ISSN]] is the proper length (eight digits) and that the final [[check digit]] validates according to the ISSN specification. Only one each of ISSN and eISSN is allowed in this field because the whole {{para|issn}} and {{para|eissn}} values are included in the citation's [[COinS]] [[metadata]]. See also [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. (If relevant, they can be specified using {{para|id|{{tlp|ISSN|...}} {{tlp|EISSN|...}}}} instead.) The ISSN and eISSN are always rendered as two four-digit numbers separated with a hyphen.

{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates To resolve this error, ensure that contain the {{para|issn}} and/or {{para|eissn}} values are checked to ensure correct, that the [[ISSN]] only one value per parameter is the proper length (eight digits) used, and that the final [[check digit]] validates according to the ISSN specification. Only one each of ISSN and eISSN no other text is allowed in this field because the whole {{para|issn}} included (allowable characters are 0–9, X, and {{para|eissn}} values are included in -). If the citation's [[COinS]] [[metadata]]. See also [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. The ISSN and eISSN are always rendered as two fourcheck-digit numbers separated with is a hyphenlowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'.

To resolve this errorIn very rare cases, ensure publishers have released works with a malformed identifier. If you are certain that a non-conforming identifier truly corresponds to the {{parapublished work, then you can add [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|issn}} and {{para|eissn}} values are correct, that only one value per parameter is used, and that no other text is included (allowable characters are 0accept-this-as-9written markup]] around the identifier to suppress the error message. In some cases, X, and -)works may have been reissued with a corrected identifier. If Use the check-digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'corrected one when possible.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: ISSN help_text_cats| Category:CS1 errors: ISSN | [[:Category:CS1 errors: ISSN]]err_bad_issn}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=bad_issn_help_text /><!-- See [[bugzilla:47049]] about {{FULLPAGENAME}}, category pagenames containing ISBNISSN, and #ifeq: --><section end="bad_issn_help_text" />

<section begin="bad_jfm_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|jfm=</code> value</span>err_bad_jfm}}

When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|jfm}}, a test is done to see if the [[Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik|jfmJFM]] identifier value looks like a properly defined value. The {{para|jfm}} identifier is checked to make sure that it has the form: <code>nn.nnnn.nn</code> where <code>n</code> is any digit 0–9. Further validation of the jfm JFM identifier is not performed.

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<section begin="bad_lccn_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|lccn=</code> value</span>err_bad_lccn}} 

The {{para|lccn}} parameter is for the [[Library of Congress Control Number]] identifier. It is checked to ensure that the identifier is the proper length and has the correct initial digits.

|+LCCN format description!Length!!Description

|8 || all characters are digits

|9 || first character is a lower case letter

|10|| first two characters are either both lower case letters or both digits

|11|| first character is a lower case letter, second and third characters are either both lower case letters or both digits

|12|| first two characters are both lower case letters

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<section begin="bad_message_id_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|message-id=</code> value</span>err_bad_usenet_id}}

The {{para|message-id}} parameter holds the unique identifier associated with a netnews message.<ref>{{cite web |url=//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536 |title=Netnews Article Format |website=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |at=[//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.3 3.1.3]|rfc=5536 |date=November 2009}}</ref> The value in {{para|message-id}} is checked to make sure that it contains <code>@</code> between left and right identifiers. {{para|message-id}} is also checked to make sure that the first character is not <code>&lt;</code> and the last character is not <code>></code>. [[Module:Citation/CS1]] adds the uri [[URI scheme]] <code>news:</code> to the value in {{para|message-id}}. If the value in {{para|message-id}} is wrapped in <code><...></code> characters, the link created fails.

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<section begin="bad_mr_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|mr=</code> value</span>err_bad_mr}}

When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|mr}}, a test is done to see if the [[Mathematical Reviews|mrMR]] identifier value looks like a properly defined value. The {{para|mr}} identifier is checked to make sure that it contains only digits and that it is no more than seven digits in length. Further validation of the mr MR identifier is not performed.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: MR cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: MR help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: MR]]err_bad_mr}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_mr_help_text " />

<section begin="bad_oclc_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_oclc}} The {{para|oclc=</code> value</span>}} parameter is for the [[OCLC]] identifier. Only a single OCLC identifier is allowed. (If relevant, multiple OCLCs can be specified using {{para|id|{{tlp|OCLC|...}}}} instead.)

The {{para|oclc}} parameter is the [[OCLC]] identifier. Only a single OCLC identifier is allowed. The identifier must be in one of these forms:#prefix <code>ocm</code> followed by 8 digits#prefix <code>ocn</code> followed by 9 digits#prefix <code>on</code> followed by 10 (or more) digits#prefix <code>(OCoLC)</code> followed by a variable number of digits without leading zeros#1 to 10 (or more) digits without prefix

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<section begin="bad_ol_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|ol=</code> value</span>err_bad_ol}}

The {{para|ol}} parameter is for the [[Open Library]] identifier. The identifier is one or more digits followed by a last character that is either <code>A</code> (authors), <code>M</code> (books), or <code>W</code> (works). Further validation is not performed.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_ol}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_ol_help_text" /> ==<span id="bad_osti">Check |osti= value</span>==<section begin="bad_osti_help_text" />{{FULLPAGENAMEhelp desk}} {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages| Categoryerr_bad_osti}} The {{para|osti}} parameter is for the [[Office of Scientific and Technical Information]] (OSTI) identifier. OSTIs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 1 and {{#invoke:CS1 errorsCs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|osti}}<!-- value will show after the next update -->. Further validation is not performed. A common error is to include the OSTI ''URL'' (<code><nowiki>https: OL //dx.doi.org/10.2172/</nowiki>{{red|&lt;{{var|OSTI>}}}}</code>), or the OSTI ''DOI'' (<code>10.2172/{{red|&lt;{{var|OSTI>}}}}</code>). To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para| Categoryosti}} value is correct. If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of {{#invoke:CS1 errors: OL Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get| osti}}<!-- value will show after the next update -->, please report this at [[Help talk:Category:CS1 errors: OLCitation Style 1]], so that the limit can be updated. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_osti}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=bad_ol_help_text "bad_osti_help_text" />

<section begin="bad_paramlink_help_text " />{{help desk}}<div class="plainlist">*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_paramlink|$1=<span code class="error">Check <cs1-code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|&lt;param>-link=</code> value</span>}}*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_paramlink|$1=<span code class="error">Check <cs1-code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|&lt;param>=</code> value</span>}}</div>

*{{para|author-link}}*{{para|contributor-link}}*{{para|editor-link}}*{{para|episode-link}}* {{para|interviewer-link}}*{{para|series-link}}*{{para|subject-link}}*{{para|title-link}}*{{para|translator-link}}*{{para|author}}*{{para|contributor}}*{{para|editor}}*{{para|episode}}* {{para|interviewer}}*{{para|series}}*{{para|subject}}*{{para|title}}*{{para|translator}}

(Parameters checked for this error may also be of the form {{para|authorlink}}, author-link{{paravar|authorlink1n}}, {{para|author1-link}}, or {{para|author{{var|n}}-link1link}}.)

The {{para|&lt;param>-link}} parameter value should contain only the title of a Wikipedia article or a link to a section of a Wikipedia article. [[Module:Citation/CS1]] checks the {{para|&lt;param>-link}} parameter values for wikimarkup and for a [[URI scheme]] (<code>http://</code>, <code>https://</code>, the protocol relative scheme <code>//</code>, etc.). Interlanguage links in any of the {{para|&lt;param>-link}} parameters require a leading colon:: <code><nowiki>:fr:Période d'exil de Caravage</nowiki></code>While primarily intended to catch the errors mentioned above, Module:Citation/CS1 will also catch malformed interlanguage wikilinks wherever they occur. Interlanguage wikilinks that have the form:: <code><nowiki>[[fr:Période d'exil de Caravage]]</nowiki></code>do not create visible clickable links in the article text. Instead, these links appear in the left pane in the languages list. Module:Citation/CS1 disables interlanguage links in this form and emits an error message. The correct form is:: <code><nowiki>[[:fr:Période d'exil de Caravage]]</nowiki></code>

|+replacements Replacements for prohibited wikilink title characters

|colspan="2"|&nbsp;||colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[Template:Bracket|<nowiki>{{bracket|text}}</nowiki>]] || [[Template:Pipe|<nowiki>{{pipe}}</nowiki>]] ||colspan="2" | &nbsp;

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<section begin="bad_pmc_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|pmc=</code> value</span>err_bad_pmc}}

The {{para|pmc}} parameter is for the [[PubMed Central]] identifier. PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. [[Module:Citation/CS1]] checks the PMC identifier to make sure that the value is a number greater than zero and less than 8000000 {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|pmc}} and that the identifier contains only digits. Further validation is not performed.

If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|pmc}}, please report this at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that the limit can be updated. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: PMC cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: PMC help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: PMC]]err_bad_pmc}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_pmc_help_text " />

<section begin="bad_pmid_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|pmid=</code> value</span>err_bad_pmid}}

The {{para|pmid}} parameter is for the [[PubMed#PubMed identifier|PubMed identifier]]. PMIDs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value greater than or equal to between 1 and less than or equal to 33000000{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|pmid}}. Further validation is not performed.

If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|pmid}}, please report this at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that the limit can be updated. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_pmid}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_pmid_help_text" /> ==<span id="bad_rfc">Check |rfc= value</span>==<section begin="bad_rfc_help_text" />{{FULLPAGENAMEhelp desk}} {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages| Categoryerr_bad_rfc}} The {{para|rfc}} parameter is for the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [[IETF RFC|RFC]] identifier (unrelated to Wikipedia's internal RfCs). IETF RFCs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 1 and {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|rfc}}<!-- value will show after the next update -->. Further validation is not performed. A common error is to include the RFC ''URL'' (<code><nowiki>https:CS1 errors//dx.doi.org/10.17487/</nowiki>{{red|&lt;{{var|RFC>}}}}</code>), or the RFC ''DOI'' (<code>10.17487/{{red|&lt;{{var|RFC>}}}}</code>). To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|rfc}} value is correct. If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of {{#invoke: PMID Cs1 documentation support| Categoryid_limits_get|rfc}}<!-- value will show after the next update -->, please report this at [[Help talk:CS1 errorsCitation Style 1]], so that the limit can be updated. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke: PMID cs1 documentation support| help_text_cats|err_bad_rfc}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_rfc_help_text" /> ==<span id="bad_sbn">Check |sbn= value</span>==<section begin="bad_sbn_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_sbn|$1=&lt;type>}} {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates that contain {{para|sbn}} are checked to ensure that the [[Standard Book Number|SBN]] is the proper length (nine digits), that the SBN uses the correct optional separators (simple space or hyphen), and that the final [[check digit]] is correct according to the SBN specification. Only one SBN is allowed in this field because the whole {{para|sbn}} value is included in the citation's [[COinS]] [[metadata]]. See also [[Wikipedia:CategoryCOinS]]. More than one SBN, or characters that are not part of the SBN, corrupt the COinS metadata and may also corrupt the link to [[Special:BookSources]]. The error message &lt;type> indicator can be:: <span class="error" style="font-size:CS1 errors100%">length</span> – SBN is not 9 digits: PMID<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">checksum</span> – SBN has one or more incorrect digits; look for typos and transposition: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">invalid character</span> – SBN has one or more 'digits' that is not in the allowed set: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">invalid form</span> – mis-positioned 'X' check digit To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|sbn}} value is correct, that only one SBN is used, that the proper optional separators are used, and that no other text is included. If the check digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'. * '''Do not''' try to resolve the error by simply recalculating the check digit. The check digit is there to check whether the main part of the number is correct. If the SBN is failing to validate, it is likely that there is a typo in the main part of the number. In this case, recalculating the check digit results in an apparently valid ISBN that leads to the wrong source (or to nowhere).* If the SBN as printed in your source is refusing to validate, '''do''' check both the front matter and the book cover for SBNs. It is not uncommon for the SBN to be misprinted in the front matter but correct on the cover.* '''Do''' preview your edit and check that the new SBN does now link to the correct source. In very rare cases, publishers have released books with malformed SBNs. If you are certain that a non-conforming SBN truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]]around the identifier to suppress the error message. In many cases, books may have been reissued with a corrected SBN. Use a corrected SBN when possible. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_sbn}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=bad_pmid_help_text "bad_sbn_help_text" />

<section begin="bad_ssrn_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|ssrn=</code> value</span>err_bad_ssrn}}

The {{para|ssrn}} parameter is for the [[Social Science Research Network|Social Science Research Network identifier]]. SSRNs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value greater than or equal to between 100 and less than or equal to 3500000{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|ssrn}}. Further validation is not performed.

If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|ssrn}}, please report this at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that the limit can be updated. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_ssrn}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_ssrn_help_text" /> ==<span id="bad_s2cid">Check |s2cid= value</span>==<section begin="bad_s2cid_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{FULLPAGENAME#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|bad_s2cid_err}} <!-- should be err_bad_s2cid --> The {{para| Categorys2cid}} parameter is for the [[Semantic Scholar]] corpus identifier. S2CIDs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 1 and {{#invoke:CS1 errorsCs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|s2cid}}. Further validation is not performed. To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|s2cid}} value is correct. If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of {{#invoke: SSRN Cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: SSRN id_limits_get| s2cid}}, please report this at [[Help talk:Category:CS1 errors: SSRNCitation Style 1]], so that the limit can be updated. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|bad_s2cid_err}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=bad_ssrn_help_text "bad_s2cid_help_text" />

<section begin="bad_url_help_text " />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_url|$1=<span code class="error">Check <cs1-code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|{{pipe}}url=</code> value</span>}}

The URL field is checked to ensure that it contains only Latin characters and does not contain spaces. The URL may be protocol relative (begins with <code>//</code>). If there are no spaces and the URL is not protocol relative, then the scheme must comply with <nowiki>RFC 3986</nowiki>.<ref>{{citation |mode=cs1 |contribution-url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 |contribution=Scheme |title=Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=January 2005|rfc=3986}}</ref>

:* all [[Country code top-level domain|cc TLD]]s (the country code is not validated):* the [[.org]] [[TLD]]:* certain letters of the [[.com]] TLD (q, x, z):* certain letters of the [[.net]] TLD (i, q)

:* {{cite web |url=httphttps://mctwww.verisign-grs.com/ |title=IDN Conversion Tool |website=Verisign}}:{{cite web |url=http:en_US/channel-resources/domain-registry-products/idn/idnaidn-converterconversion-tool/index.com/ xhtml?loc=en_US |title=IDNA IDN Conversion tool Tool |website=IDNA-converter.comVerisign }}

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<section begin="bad_zbl_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Check <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|zbl=</code> value</span>err_bad_zbl}}

When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|zbl}}, a test is done to see if the [[Zentralblatt MATH|zblZbl]] identifier value looks like a properly defined value. The {{para|zbl}} identifier is checked to make sure that it has the form: <code>nnnn.nnnnn</code> where <code>n</code> is any digit 0–9. Up to three leading zeros in the first quartet may be omitted. Further validation of the zbl Zbl identifier is not performed.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: ZBL help_text_cats| Category:CS1 errors: ZBL | [[:Category:CS1 errors: ZBL]]err_bad_zbl}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_zbl_help_text " /> ==<span id="param_unknown_empty">Cite has empty unknown parameter: &lt;param></span>==<section begin="param_unknown_empty_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_unknown_empty|$1=_|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>}}*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_unknown_empty|$1=s|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, ...}}}} This error message is hidden. To show this error message see [[Help:CS1 errors#Controlling error message display|Controlling error message display]].

==<span id="biorxiv_missing">This error message highlights CS1|2 templates that hold empty parameters with names that are not known to CS1|2. This error message is a companion to [[Help:CS1 errors#parameter_ignored|biorxiv= required</span>== <section begin=biorxiv_missing_help_text />Unknown parameter {{help deskpipe}}<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|biorxivxxxx=</code> required</span>ignored]].

Empty positional parameters, which typically look like two adjacent pipes in a template, <code><nowiki>| |</nowiki></code>, or a pipe and then the end of the template, <code><nowiki>|}}</nowiki></code>, are identified as numbered parameters: {{tlxerror-small|cite bioRxiv{{para|1|plain=yes}} requires }}. Similarly, a pipe followed by an HTML comment that encloses everything before the identifier next pipe or closing brace, <code>| &lt;!--&lt;{{var|param name/value pair}}>--> |</code> will be identified as an empty numbered parameter . Parameters that have both a pipe and an equal sign but do not have a name are identified as empty-string parameters: <code>|=</code> or <code>| =</code> → {{error-small|{{para|biorxiv(empty string)|plain=yes}}}}. Various templates that wrap CS1|2 templates may cause this error when they use constructs like this: <code><nowiki>|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|title}}={{{2|}}}</nowiki></code>. When <code><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></code> does not have a value, the template creates <code>|=</code>.

To resolve this error, ensure that remove the extra pipe, correct the parameter name, or remove the parameter from the CS1|2 template has {{para|biorxiv}} with a properly constructed value.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: bioRxivcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: bioRxivhelp_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv]]err_param_unknown_empty}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=biorxiv_missing_help_text "param_unknown_empty_help_text" />

<section begin="missing_periodical_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_periodical|$1="error">Cite &lt;template> requires <code style|$2="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|&lt;param></code></span> }} This error message is hidden. To show this error message see [[Help:CS1 errors#Controlling error message display|Controlling error message display]].

:{{tlx|cite journal}}<!-- :{{tlx|cite news}}

<!-- :{{tlx|cite web}}

*{{para|journal}}*{{para|magazine}}*{{para|newspaper}}*{{para|periodical}}*{{para|website}}*{{para|work}} In some cases, an incorrect template has been used (e.g. {{tlx|cite journal}} for a web page, book, or standalone document). The appropriate resolution in these cases is to change the incorrect template to {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite book}}, or a different, more appropriate template. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_missing_periodical}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="missing_periodical_help_text" /> ==<span id="deprecated_params"></span>Cite uses deprecated parameter |&lt;param>= ==<section begin="deprecated_params_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_deprecated_params|$1=&lt;param></code>}} Over time, some parameters have become obsolete or unnecessary. When this happens, the parameters are identified as deprecated. Editors are encouraged to use other parameters that accomplish the same purpose as those that have been deprecated. The CS1|2 deprecated parameters are listed in the following table, along with recommended replacement parameters. Parameter names are case-sensitive. Editors should expect that support for deprecated parameters will be withdrawn.

Pages with To resolve this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical | Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical | [[:Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:CS1 errors: missing periodical}} pages)}}, use a supported parameter.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=missing_periodical_help_text />

==<span id="deprecated_params"></span>Cite uses deprecated Plan for the future: All non-hyphenated, multiword parameter |&lt;param>==<section begin=deprecated_params_help_text />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Cite uses deprecated names are aliases of hyphenated multiword parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|&lt;param></code></span>names. The non-hyphenated aliases exist only for legacy support. Editors should expect that support for non-hyphenated parameter names will be withdrawn. Choose the hyphenated form when adding parameters to a citation template. Consider replacing non-hyphenated parameters with the hyphenated equivalents at the same time.

Over time, some parameters have become obsolete or unnecessary. When Pages with this happens, the parameters error are identified as deprecated. Editors are encouraged to use other parameters that accomplish the same purpose as those that have been deprecated. The CS1automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|2 deprecated parameters are listed in the following table, along with recommended replacement parameterserr_deprecated_params}}. Parameter names are case<ref group="lower-sensitive. Editors should expect that support for deprecated parameters will be withdrawn.alpha" name="categories" /><section begin="deprecated_params_table " />{|class="wikitable"|+Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters!Deprecated parameter! Replace with! style="width: 110px;" | Date<!-- |-| none deprecated at present| -->|-| {{para|authormask}}| {{para|author-mask}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authormask{{var|n}}}}| {{para|author-mask{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|author{{var|n}}mask}}| {{para|author{{var|n}}-mask}}| October 2020|-| {{para|displayauthors}}| {{para|display-authors}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorlink}}| {{para|editor-link}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorlink{{var|n}}}}| {{para|editor-link{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editor{{var|n}}link}}| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-link}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editors}}| {{para|editor}} (1 editor) or {{para|editor{{var|n}}}} (more than 1 editor) or {{para|veditors}} (for Vancouver style editors). Consider {{para|editor-mask{{var|n}}}} if annotation is required.| October 2020|-| {{para|ignore-isbn-error}}| {{para|isbn|((&lt;{{var|isbn}}>))}}| October 2020|-| {{para|last-author-amp}}| {{para|name-list-style|amp}}| October 2020|-| {{para|lastauthoramp}}| {{para|name-list-style|amp}}| October 2020|-| {{para|subjectlink}}| {{para|subject-link}}| October 2020|-| {{para|subjectlink{{var|n}}}}| {{para|subject-link{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|subject{{var|n}}link}}| {{para|subject{{var|n}}-link}}| October 2020|}<!-- Support for the following parameter aliases was recently removed. Usage in mainspace should be about zero, and hints for them added to the suggestion list. However, as they may occasionally pop up again through copy&paste or usage of old scripts for some while, list them here as well for users coming here searching for help. -->{|class="wikitable"|+ Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters! Removed parameter!!Replace with!! Date<!-- |-| none removed at present| -->|-| {{para|authorfirst}}| {{para|author-first}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authorfirst{{var|n}}}}| {{para|author-first{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|author{{var|n}}first}}| {{para|author{{var|n}}-first}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authorlast}}| {{para|author-last}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authorlast{{var|n}}}}| {{para|author-last{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|author{{var|n}}last}}| {{para|author{{var|n}}-last}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authorgiven}}| {{para|author-given}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authorgiven{{var|n}}}}| {{para|author-given{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|author{{var|n}}given}}| {{para|author{{var|n}}-given}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authorsurname}}| {{para|author-surname}}| October 2020|-| {{para|authorsurname{{var|n}}}}| {{para|author-surname{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|author{{var|n}}surname}}| {{para|author{{var|n}}-surname}}| October 2020|-| {{para|deadurl|yes}} <!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->| {{para|url-status|dead}}| September 2019|-| {{para|dead-url|yes}} <!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->| {{para|url-status|dead}}| September 2019|-| {{para|displayeditors}}| {{para|display-editors}}| October 2020|-| {{para|doi-broken}}| {{para|doi-broken-date}}| October 2020|-| {{para|doi-inactive-date}}| {{para|doi-broken-date}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorfirst}}| {{para|editor-first}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorfirst{{var|n}}}}| {{para|editor-first{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editor{{var|n}}first}}| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-first}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorlast}}| {{para|editor-last}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorlast{{var|n}}}}| {{para|editor-last{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editor{{var|n}}last}}| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-last}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorgiven}}| {{para|editor-given}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorgiven{{var|n}}}}| {{para|editor-given{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editor{{var|n}}given}}| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-given}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorsurname}}| {{para|editor-surname}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editorsurname{{var|n}}}}| {{para|editor-surname{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editor{{var|n}}surname}}| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-surname}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editormask}}| {{para|editor-mask}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editormask{{var|n}}}}| {{para|editor-mask{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|editor{{var|n}}mask}}| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-mask}}| October 2020|-| {{para|embargo}}| {{para|pmc-embargo-date}}| October 2020|-| {{para|ignoreisbnerror}}| {{para|isbn|((&lt;{{var|isbn}}>))}}| October 2020|-| {{para|interviewerlink}}| {{para|interviewer-link}}| October 2020|-| {{para|interviewerlink{{var|n}}}}<!-- for completeness only -->| {{para|interviewer-link{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}link}}<!-- for completeness only -->| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}-link}}| October 2020|-| {{para|interviewermask}}| {{para|interviewer-mask}}| October 2020|-| {{para|interviewermask{{var|n}}}}<!-- for completeness only -->| {{para|interviewer-mask{{var|n}}}}| October 2020|-| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}mask}}<!-- for completeness only -->| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}-mask}}| October 2020|-| {{para|no-cat}}| {{para|no-tracking}}| October 2020|-| {{para|notracking}}| {{para|no-tracking}}| October 2020|-| {{para|registration}} <!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->| {{para|url-access|registration}}| January 2020|-| {{para|series-separator}}| (delete)| October 2020

|none deprecated at present{{para|subscription}} <!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->|{{para|url-access|subscription}}| January 2020|}<section end="deprecated_params_table " /><section end="deprecated_params_help_text" />

==<span id="generic_title">Cite uses generic title</span>==<section begin="generic_title_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_generic_title}} Articles are listed in this category when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies template {{para|title}} parameters that use place-holder titles. Such titles may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct title. Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1. CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'titles' that are typically not the title of the cited source. Some examples are:* Wayback machine* This website is for sale* Are you a robot? To resolve this error, use a supported parameterreplace the place-holder title with the source's actual title. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_title}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: deprecated parameters | Category:CS1 errors: deprecated parameters | See also the maintenance category [[:Category:CS1 errorsmaint: deprecated parametersarchived copy as title]]}}.<ref groupsection end="lower-alphageneric_title_help_text" name="categories" /><section end=deprecated_params_help_text />

<section begin="citeseerx_missing_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|citeseerx=</code> required</span>err_citeseerx_missing}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: citeseerxcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: citeseerxhelp_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: citeseerx]]err_citeseerx_missing}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="citeseerx_missing_help_text " />

<section begin="class_ignored_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{pipe#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_class_ignored}}class=</code> ignored</span>

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: class cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: class help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: class]]err_class_ignored}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="class_ignored_help_text " />

<section begin="contributor_ignored_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{pipe#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_ignored}}contributor=</code> ignored</span>

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: contributor cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: contributor help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: contributor]]err_contributor_ignored}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="contributor_ignored_help_text " />

<section begin="contributor_missing_required_param_help_text " />{{help desk}}<div class="{{plainlist">|*<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{pipe}}contributor#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_missing_required_param|$1=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{pipeauthor}}author=</code></span>*<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{pipe#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_missing_required_param|$1=contribution}}contributor=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{pipe}}contribution=</code></span></div>

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: contributor cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: contributor help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: contributor]]err_contributor_missing_required_param}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="contributor_missing_required_param_help_text " />

<section begin="empty_citation_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Empty citation</span>{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_empty_citation}}

:<code><nowiki>{{cite web | http://www.foobar.com | The Foobar News}}</nowiki></code>

:<code><nowiki>{{cite book |titolo=The Bazquux Uprising |anno=2015}}</nowiki></code>

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with empty citations help_text_cats| Category:Pages with empty citations | [[:Category:Pages with empty citations]]err_empty_citation}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="empty_citation_help_text " />

<section begin="explicit_etal_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Explicit use of et al. in{{#invoke: <code styleCs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_etal|$1="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit; background: inherit;">|&lt;param>=</code></span>}}

Use the {{para|display-authors}} parameter instead (or other applicable {{para|display-X ''<names>''}} parameter), as documented at [[Help:Citation Style 1#Display options]].

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: explicit use of et al. cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: explicit use of et al. help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.]]err_etal}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="explicit_etal_help_text " />

<section begin="param_has_ext_link_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">External link in <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_has_ext_link|$1={{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code></span>}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: external links cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: external links help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: external links]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:CS1 errors: external links}} pages)err_param_has_ext_link}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_has_ext_link_help_text " />

 <section begin="first_missing_last_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit; background:inherit">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_first_missing_last|$1=&lt;first>{{var|n}}|$2=</code> missing <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit; background:inherit">|&lt;last>{{var|n}}=</code></span>}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: missing name help_text_cats| Category:CS1 errors: missing name | [[:Category:CS1 errors: missing name]]err_first_missing_last}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="first_missing_last_help_text " />

<section begin="format_missing_url_help_text " />{{help desk}}<div class="{{plainlist">|*<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_format_missing_url|$1=format|$2=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code></span>}}*<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_format_missing_url|$1=...-format|$2=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|...-url=</code></span></div>}}}}

:{{para|archive-format}}, {{para|article-format}}, {{para|chapter-format}}, {{para|conference-format}}, {{para|contribution-format}}, {{para|entry-format}}, {{para|event-format}}, {{para|lay-format}}, {{para|map-format}}, {{para|section-format}}, {{para|transcript-format}}

As of 29 November 2014, {{para|chapter(<!-- TBD: Ia this still necessary to be mentioned? --format}} is a new parameter. >Citations that relied on the oldpre-2014<!-- 2014-11-29 -->, somewhat odd use of {{para|url}} and {{para|format}} may need adjustmentin regard to {{para|chapter-format}}.)

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages using citations with format and no URL help_text_cats| Category:Pages using citations with format and no URL | [[:Category:Pages using citations with format and no URL]]err_format_missing_url}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="format_missing_url_help_text " /> ==<span id="disp_name">Invalid |display-&lt;names>=&lt;value></span>==<section begin="disp_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_disp_name|$1=&lt;names>|$2=&lt;value>}} 

==<span id="script_parameter">Invalid These error messages are emitted when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies citations that use one or more of the {{para|scriptdisplay-&lt;paramnames>}} parameters with an invalid assigned <code>=: &lt;typevalue></spancode>==. An invalid assigned <section begin=script_parameter_help_text /code>&lt;value>{{help desk}}<span class="error"/code>Invalid is a number that is greater than or equal to the number of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|script-&lt;paramnames></code>=in the associated name-list or it is non-numeric text that Module: &lt;type>Citation/CS1 cannot recognize as a form of the keyword </code>etal</spancode>.

The various {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameters are checked for proper form. When an To resolve this error is detected, the error message briefly identifies the type do one of the errorfollowing::<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing title part</span> – * Remove the {{para|scriptdisplay-&lt;{{var|param}}names>}} parameter has a language-code prefix but from the citation (because "et al." is otherwise emptynot appropriate in the citation):* Change the <span class="error" style="font-size:100%"code>&lt;value>missing prefix</spancode> – of the {{para|scriptdisplay-&lt;{{var|param}}names>}} parameter has text but such that it is missing less than the required language-code prefix; the prefix has the form number of <code>xx:</code&lt;names> where <code>xx</code> is a valid [[ISO 639in the name-1]] language code known list (thereby truncating the displayed list to cs1|2 as a language that uses a non-Latin script; the colon (number)* Change the <code>:&lt;value></code>) is required:<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">unknown language code</span> – of the {{para|scriptdisplay-&lt;{{var|param}}names>}} parameter has a (possibly valid) ISO 639-1 language to <code>etal</code that cs1|2 does not recognize as a language using a non-Latin scriptKnown codes are:{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|script_lister}}>, which will cause "et al" to display after the last <!-- makes a language code: >&lt;name list from the master list in [[Module:Citation></CS1/Configuration]] --code>.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: script parameters cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: script parameters help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: script parameters]]err_disp_name}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=script_parameter_help_text "disp_name_help_text" />

<section begin="invalid_param_val_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Invalid <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invalid_param_val|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;value></code></span>}}

|+Parameters with limited acceptable values

!parameter Parameter !! acceptable Acceptable values

|{{para|df}} ||<code>dmy</code>, <code>dmy-all</code>, <code>mdy</code>, <code>mdy-all</code>, <code>ymd</code>, <code>ymd-all</code>

|{{para|ignore-isbn-error}}<br />(deprecated)||rowspan=2|<code>true</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>yes</code>

|{{para|last-author-amp}}<br />(deprecated)

|{{para|mode}}||<code>cs1</code>, <code>cs2</code>

|{{para|name-list-format}}<br />(deprecated)||<code>vanc</code>

|{{para|nopp|name-list-style}}||rowspan=4|<code>trueamp</code>, <code>ampersand</code>, <code>and</code>, <code>&</code>, <code>yserial</code>, <code>yesvanc</code>

|{{para|no-trackingpp}}||rowspan=2|<code>true</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>yes</code>

|{{para|registrationno-tracking}}

|{{para|subscriptionbibcode-access}}||rowspan=7|<code>free</code>

|{{para|urldoi-access}}||rowspan=7|<code>subscription</code>, <code>registration</code>, <code>limited</code>

|{{para|article-urlhdl-access}}

|{{para|chapter-urljstor-access}}

|{{para|contribution-urlol-access}}

|{{para|entry-urlosti-access}}

|{{para|map-urls2cid-access}}

|{{para|section-url-access}}||rowspan=7|<code>subscription</code>, <code>registration</code>, <code>limited</code>

|{{para|bibcodearticle-url-access}}||rowspan=6|<code>free</code>

|{{para|doichapter-url-access}}

|{{para|hdlcontribution-url-access}}

|{{para|jstorentry-url-access}}

|{{para|olmap-url-access}}

|{{para|ostisection-url-access}}

|{{para|url-status}}||<code>dead</code>, <code>live</code>, <code>unfit</code>, <code>usurped</code>

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invalid_param_val}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="invalid_param_val_help_text" /> ==<span id="script_parameter">Invalid |script-&lt;param>=: &lt;type></span>==<section begin="script_parameter_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{FULLPAGENAME#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_script_parameter|$1=script-&lt;param>|$2=&lt;type>}}  The various {{para| Categoryscript-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameters are checked for proper form. When an error is detected, the error message briefly identifies the type of the error::CS1 errors<span class="error" style="font-size: invalid 100%">missing title part</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter value has a language-code prefix but is otherwise empty: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing prefix</span> – the {{para| Categoryscript-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter has text but is missing the required language-code prefix; the prefix has the form <code>xx:</code> or <code>xxx:</code> where <code>xx</code> or <code>xxx</code> is a valid [[ISO 639-1]] or [[ISO 639-3]] language code known to CS1 errors|2 as a language that uses a non-Latin script; the colon (<code>: invalid </code>) is required: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">unknown language code</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter value has a (possibly valid) language code that CS1| 2 does not recognize as a language using a non-Latin scriptLanguage codes known to CS1|2 for languages that do not use a Latin script are:{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|script_lang_lister}}<!-- makes a language code: name list from the master list in [[Module:Category:Citation/CS1 errors: invalid parameter value/Configuration]]--> Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_script_parameter}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=invalid_param_val_help_text "script_parameter_help_text" />

*{{para|publisher}}*{{para|journal}}*{{para|magazine}}*{{para|newspaper}}*{{para|periodical}}*{{para|website}}*{{para|work}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: markup cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: markup help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: markup]]err_apostrophe_markup}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="apostrophe_markup_help_text " />

 <section begin="missing_name_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Missing <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit; background:inherit">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_name|$1=&lt;name>|$2={{var|n}}=</code></span>}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: missing name cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: missing name help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: missing name]]err_missing_name}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="missing_name_help_text /> ==<span id="missing_pipe">Missing pipe</span>==<section begin=missing_pipe_help_text />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Missing pipe in: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit; background: inherit;">&lt;param>=</code></span> {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when one parameter has text that looks like it is a parameter missing a pipe (<code>|</code>). This error occurs when a template parameter value contains characters and digits followed by an equal sign. If the alphanumeric text immediately preceding the equal sign is a valid cs1|2 parameter name, the module assumes that the template is missing a pipe and emits this error message. Some legitimate titles will contain a cs1|2 parameter name followed by an equal sign. In that case, enclose the equal sign in nowiki tags, like this: {{tag|nowiki|content={{=}}}}. For most other cases, simply add the missing pipe. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: missing pipe | Category:CS1 errors: missing pipe | [[:Category:CS1 errors: missing pipe]]}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=missing_pipe_help_text />

<section begin="bare_url_missing_title_help_text " />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bare_url_missing_title|$1=<span code class="error"><cs1-code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code> missing title</span>}}

|+URL-containing parameters and associated title parameters

!URL parameters!Title parameters

| {{para|article-url}}| {{para|article}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}|-|{{para|chapter-url}}| {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|articlesection}}

| {{para|conference}}, {{para|event}}

| {{para|contribution}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}|-| {{para|entry-url}}| {{para|entry}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entrysection}}|-| {{para|event-url}}| {{para|event}}, {{para|conference}}<!-- |-| {{para|lay-url}}| &nbsp;&nbsp;({{para|lay-source}}) -->|-| {{para|map-url}}| {{para|map}}|-| {{para|section-url}}| {{para|section}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs help_text_cats| Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs err_bare_url_missing_title| [[:Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Pages with citations having bare URLs}} pages)=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bare_url_missing_title_help_text " />

<section begin="citation_missing_title_help_text " />{{help desk}}<div class="{{plainlist">|*<span class="error">Missing or empty <code style{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citation_missing_title|$1="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;title=</code></span>}}*<span class="error">Missing or empty <code style{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citation_missing_title|$1="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;series=</code></span></div>}}}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with citations lacking titles help_text_cats| Category:Pages with citations lacking titles err_citation_missing_title| [[:Category:Pages with citations lacking titles]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Pages with citations lacking titles}} pages)=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="citation_missing_title_help_text " />

<section begin="cite_web_url_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">Missing or empty <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|url=</code></span>err_cite_web_url}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_cite_web_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="cite_web_url_help_text" /> ==<span id="missing_pipe">Missing pipe</span>==<section begin="missing_pipe_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_pipe|$1=&lt;param>}} {{FULLPAGENAMEcs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when one parameter has text that looks like it is a parameter missing a pipe (<code>| Category</code>). This error occurs when a template parameter value contains characters and digits followed by an equal sign. If the alphanumeric text immediately preceding the equal sign is a valid CS1|2 parameter name, the module assumes that the template is missing a pipe and emits this error message. Some legitimate titles will contain a CS1|2 parameter name followed by an equal sign. In that case, enclose the equal sign in nowiki tags, like this:Pages using web citations with no URL {{tag| Category:Pages using web citations with no URL nowiki| [[:Category:content={{=}}}}. For most other cases, simply add the missing pipe. Pages using web citations with no URL]] (this error are automatically placed in {{PAGESINCATEGORY#invoke:Pages using web citations with no URL}} pages)cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_missing_pipe}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=cite_web_url_help_text "missing_pipe_help_text" />

<section begin="redundant_parameters_help_text " />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1=<span code class="error">More than one of <cs1-code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code styleclass="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;cs1-code">|{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, and <code styleclass="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;cs1-code">|{{pipe}}&lt;param3>=</code> specified</span>}}

<div class="{{plainlist">|*<span class{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1="error">More than one of author-name-list parameters specified</span>}}*<span class{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1="error">More than one of editor-name-list parameters specified</span>}}}}</div>

:{{para|author''n''}} and {{para|last''n''}} / {{para|first''n''}} (and their various aliases), {{para|vauthors}}, and {{para|authors}}

:{{para|editor''n''}} and {{para|editor-last''n''}} / {{para|editor-first''n''}} (and their various aliases), {{para|veditors}}, and {{para|editors}}

Pages with these errors are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_redundant_parameters}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="redundant_parameters_help_text" /> ==<span id="param_access_requires_param">&#124;&lt;param>-access= requires &#124;&lt;param>=</span>==<section begin="param_access_requires_param_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_access_requires_param|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;param>}} This error is reported when an access level has been specified for some external link, but the corresponding required parameter is missing or empty.The parameter can be one of{| class="wikitable"|+ Access-level specifier required parameter|-! Specifier !! Required parameter|-| {{para|article-url-access}} || {{para|article-url}}|-| {{para|bibcode-access}} || {{para|bibcode}}|-| {{para|chapter-url-access}} || {{para|chapter-url}}|-| {{para|contribution-url-access}} || {{para|contribution-url}}|-| {{para|doi-access}} || {{para|doi}}|-| {{para|entry-url-access}} || {{para|entry-url}}|-| {{para|hdl-access}} || {{para|hdl}}|-| {{para|jstor-access}} || {{para|jstor}}|-| {{para|map-url-access}} || {{para|map-url}}|-| {{para|ol-access}} || {{para|ol}}|-| {{para|osti-access}} || {{para|osti}}|-| {{para|section-url-access}} || {{para|section-url}}|-| {{para|s2cid-access}} || {{para|s2cid}}|-| {{para|url-access}} || {{FULLPAGENAMEpara|url}} | Category:} To resolve this error, either provide a value for the parameter, or remove the access level specification. Pages with citations having redundant parameters this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats| Categoryerr_param_access_requires_param}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_access_requires_param_help_text" /> ==<span id="doibroken_missing_doi">&#124;&lt;param>= requires &#124;doi=</span>==<section begin="doibroken_missing_doi_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_doibroken_missing_doi|$1=&lt;param>}} When {{para|doi-broken-date}} is used in a CS1|2 template, {{para|doi}} or {{para|DOI}} (with value) must also be present. To resolve this error, either add the missing DOI or remove the 'broken' parameter. Pages with citations having redundant parameters this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support| [[:Category:Pages with citations having redundant parameters]]help_text_cats|err_doibroken_missing_doi}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=redundant_parameters_help_text "doibroken_missing_doi_help_text" />

<section begin="ssrn_missing_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|ssrn=</code> required</span>err_ssrn_missing}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: SSRNcs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: SSRNhelp_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: SSRN]]err_ssrn_missing}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="ssrn_missing_help_text " />

<section begin="text_ignored_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_text_ignored|$1="error">Text "????" ignored</span>}}

This error can also be caused by vertical bars (pipe characters) that are part of URLs or titles. When vertical bars occur in URLs, replace each vertical bar with <code>%7c7C</code>. When vertical bars occur in parameter values that are not URLs, replace each vertical bar with <code>&amp;#124;</code> or <code>{{tl|!}}</code>.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with citations using unnamed parameters help_text_cats| Category:Pages with citations using unnamed parameters | [[:Category:Pages with citations using unnamed parameters]]err_text_ignored}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="text_ignored_help_text " />

==<span id="trans_missing_title">|trans-&lt;param>= requires |&lt;param>= or |script-&lt;param></span>==<section begin="trans_missing_title_help_text " />{{help desk}}<div class="plainlist">*<span class="error"><code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_trans_missing_title|trans-title=</code> requires <code style$1="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit&lt;"param>|title$2=</code></span>*<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit&lt;"param>|trans-chapter$3=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit&lt;">|chapter=</code></span></divparam>}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: translated title cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: translated title help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: translated title]]err_trans_missing_title}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="trans_missing_title_help_text " />

==<span id="parameter_ignored">Unknown parameter |xxxx=&lt;param>= ignored<span id="parameter_ignored_suggest"> </span></span>==<section begin="parameter_ignored_help_text " />{{help desk}}<div class="{{plainlist">|*<span class="error">Unknown parameter <code style="color{{#invoke:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_parameter_ignored|xxxx$1=</code> ignored</span&lt;param>}}*<span class{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_parameter_ignored_suggest|$1="error">Unknown parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit&lt;"param>|xxxx=</code> ignored (<code style$2="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit&lt;"sparam>}}}} {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when the name portion of a parameter's {{para|name|yyyy=</code> suggested)</span></div>value}} pair is not recognized as a valid name. Typically, this is caused by spelling or capitalization errors or when a page is reverted to a version where the citation template did support the parameter.

{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when the name portion of a parameter's {{paraThe CS1|name|value}} pair is 2 engine does not recognized as a valid nameignore unrecognized parameters. TypicallyThe purpose of the citation is to properly identify the source, this is caused by spelling or capitalization errors or when a page is reverted not to act as a version where the citation template did support the parameterrepository of notes and ancillary information.

The CS1|2 engine does not ignore unrecognized template parametersare lower case. The purpose of CS1|2 will report this error when the parameter's name contains uppercase letters ({{!xt|Xxxx, xxXx, XXXX}}) but the citation parameter's name is to properly identify the source; defined as lowercase ({{xt|xxxx}}). Some identifier parameters, like {{para|isbn}}, {{para|pmc}}, {{para|doi}}, etc., can be either lower case or upper case, but not of mixed case ({{para|isbn|mxt=y}} or {{para|ISBN|mxt=y}} but not act as {{para|Isbn|!mxt=y}}). For [[Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions|common parameter misspellings]], like {{para|pubisher}} instead of {{para|publisher}} and some former template parameters, CS1|2 will suggest a repository valid parameter name. The [[Help:CS1_errors#deprecated_params|list of notes deprecated and ancillary recently removed parameters]] may contain additional informationas well.

CS1|2 template Reported unknown parameters are lower case. CS1|2 will report this error when the parameter's name contains uppercase letters ({{!xt|Xxxx, xxXx, XXXX}}) but the parameter's name is defined as lowercase ({{xt|xxxx}}). The identifier parameters, like following a {{para|isbnDUPLICATE_&lt;param>}}, {{para|pmc}}, {{para|doi}}, etc., can be either lower case or upper case, but not of mixed case ({{xt|{{para|isbn}}}} or {{xt|{{para|ISBN}}}} but not {{!xt|{{para|Isbn}}}}). For scheme are created by [[ModuleUser:Citation/CS1/Suggestionsbot|common parameter misspellingsCitation Bot]], like when it finds duplicate parameters {{para|pubisher&lt;param>}} instead of {{para|publisher}}, CS1|2 will suggest in a valid parameter nametemplate.

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} cs1 documentation support| Category:Pages with citations using unsupported parameters help_text_cats| Category:Pages with citations using unsupported parameters | [[:Category:Pages with citations using unsupported parameters]]err_parameter_ignored}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="parameter_ignored_help_text " />

<section begin="wikilink_in_url_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class="error">URL–wikilink conflict</span>{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_wikilink_in_url}}

Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict]]err_wikilink_in_url}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="wikilink_in_url_help_text " />

<section begin="vancouver_help_text " />{{help desk}}<span class{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_vancouver|$1="error">Vancouver style error</span&lt;type>}}

This error is reported for citations that use {{para|vauthors}}, {{para|veditors}}, {{para|name-list-formatstyle|vanc}}.

:C0 Controls and Basic Latin<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf |title=C0 Controls and Basic Latin |website=[[Unicode]] |accessdateaccess-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> (0041–005A, 0061–007A):C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf |title=C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement |website=Unicode |accessdateaccess-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> (00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF):Latin Extended-A<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf |title=Latin Extended-A |website=Unicode |accessdateaccess-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> (0100–017F):Latin Extended-B<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf |title=Latin Extended-B |website=Unicode |accessdateaccess-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> (0180–01BF, 01C4–024F)

:{{para|vauthors|First Surname FM, Surname AB, {{green|((}}Corporate or institutional Author{{green|))}}, Lastsurname Last Surname XY}}

While normally correct, sometimes the names listed on a PMID page contain errors when the author surname has a lowercase [[nobiliary particle]]. For example, {{PMID|17726700}} lists Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz as Doeberitz Mv which is not correct. This author's name should be listed as {{para|vauthors|von Knebel Doeberitz M}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33081/ |title=Other surname rules |website=National Center for Biotechnology Information|date=2018-05-18 }}</ref>

To resolve this error, Romanize author and editor names.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Patrias |author-first=K . |editor-last=Wendling |editor-first=D . |location=Bethesda , MD, USA |publisher=National Library of Medicine |date=2007 |chapter=Names in non-roman alphabets or character-based languages |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7258/box/A48818/ |title=Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. |edition=2nd |name-list-format = vanc}}</ref> Romanizing can result in two-letter initials, for example, the Greek letter 'Θ' Romanizes to 'Th'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/greek.pdf |title=Greek |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> When author names have this kind of initial, Module:Citation/CS1 can't know if this kind of initial is a typo or a legitimate Romanized character so it will emit the Vancouver error. To suppress the error after determining that the two-character initial is correct and not a typo, treat the name as if it were a corporate name by wrapping it in [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|doubled parentheses]]: {{para|vauthors|..., Tatarinov IuS, ...}} → {{para|vauthors|..., ((Tatarinov IuS)), ...}}

Specific Rules for Names:<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/ |title=Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet] | edition=2nd | author-first = K . | author-last = Patrias | editor-first = D . | editor-last = Wendling |location=Bethesda, MD , USA | publisher = National Library of Medicine (US) | year date= 2007 | accessdate access-date= 2019-03-31 | name-list-format = vanc }}</ref>

**cs1CS1|2 does not obey the semicolon-as-separator rule. Separate corporate and organizational names from each other and from individual names with a comma; wrap corporate and organizational names in doubled parentheses as described above.Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeqinvoke: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: Vancouver style cs1 documentation support| Category:CS1 errors: Vancouver style help_text_cats| [[:Category:CS1 errors: Vancouver style]]err_vancouver}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="vancouver_help_text /> ==<span id="invisible_char">&lt;char> character in |&lt;param>= at position ''n''</span>==<section begin=invisible_char_help_text />{{help desk}}<span class="error">&lt;char> character in <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|&lt;param>=</code> at position ''n''</span> This error is reported for citations with parameter values that contain invisible or non!-printable characters known as [[control character]]s; the error includes the position at which the character can be found. [[Module:Citation/CS1]] detects parameter values that contain any of these characters: *[[replacement character]], U+FFFD*[[hair space]], U+200A*[[zero width space]], U+200B*[[zero width joiner]], U+200D*[[soft hyphen]], U+00AD*[[horizontal tab]], U+0009 (HT)*[[line feed]], U+0010 (LF)*[[carriage return]], U+0013 (CR)*[[delete character]], U+007F (DEL)*[[C0 and C1 control codes|C0 control]], U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US)*[[C0 and C1 control codes|C1 control]], U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC)To resolve invisible-character errors, remove or replace the identified character. Because these characters are mostly invisible, the error message identifies the character's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. If you move through the citation with the arrow keys then the cursor may stand still once at an invisible character which can be removed with {{keypress|Delete}} or {{keypress|Backspace}}. If you copy-paste a string to the "Characters" field at https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/ and click "View in UniView" then the position and name of all characters is shown. <span class="error">&lt;name> stripmarker in <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|&lt;param>=</code> at position ''n''</span> [[Help:Strip markers|Strip markers]] are special sequences of characters that [[MediaWiki]] inserts as a place-holder for certain [[xml]]-like tags. These tags include {{tag|gallery}}, {{tag|math}}, {{tag|nowiki}}, {{tag|pre}}, and {{tag|ref}}. The strip markers are replaced with content before the final page rendering. The module ignores math and nowiki strip markers. To resolve strip marker errors, remove or replace the identified tag. The error message identifies the strip marker's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. Strip marker errors can also be caused by unsupported additional text or templates in parameter values{{mdash}}for example, {{tl|ISBN}} in {{para|title}}. Resolve the problem by When moving the extraneous text outside of the citation template or by removing the extraneous text or template markup, as appropriate. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters | Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters | [[:Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters]]}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=invisible_char_help_text /> ==<span id="doibroken_missing_doi">&#124;&lt;param>= requires &#124;doi=</span>==<section begin=doibroken_missing_doi_help_text />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;&lt;param>=</code> requires {{para|doi|plain=yes}}</span> When any of {{para|doi-broken}}, {{para|doi-broken-date}}, or {{para|doi-inactive-date}} are used in a cs1|2 template, {{para|doi}} or {{para|DOI}} (with value) must also be present. To resolve this error, either add keep the missing DOI or remove following attached to the 'broken' parameter. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Category:CS1 errors: DOI | Category:CS1 errors: DOI | [[:Category:CS1 errors: DOI]]}}.<ref group="lowerNotes section below -alpha" name="categories" /><section end=doibroken_missing_doi_help_text /> ==<span id="param_access_requires_param">&#124;&lt;param>-access= requires &#124;&lt;param>=</span>==<section begin=param_access_requires_param_help_text />{{help desk}}<span class="error"><code style=notes_help_text"color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;&lt;param>-access=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;&lt;param>=</code></span> This error is reported when an access level has been specified for some external link, but the corresponding required parameter is missing or empty.The parameter can be one of{| class="wikitable"|+access-level specifier required parameter|-!specifier !! required parameter|-|{{para|url-access}} || {{para|url}}|-|{{para|bibcode-access}} || {{para|bibcode}}|-|{{para|doi-access}} || {{para|doi}}|-|{{para|hdl-access}} || {{para|hdl}}|-|{{para|jstor-access}} || {{para|jstor}}|-|{{para|ol-access}} || {{para|ol}}|-|{{para|osti-access}} || {{para|osti}}|-|} To resolve this error, either provide a value for the parameter, or remove the access level specification. Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} |Category:CS1 errors: param-access|Category:CS1 errors: param-access|[[:Category:CS1 errors: param-access]]}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end=param_access_requires_param_help_text /><section begin=notes_help_text />

}}<section end="notes_help_text " /><!--When moving this section keep the following attached to the References section below --><section begin="references_help_text " />

<ref name="archive.org">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org |title=archive.org website | website=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name="webcitation.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.webcitation.org |title=webcitation.org website | website=WebCite}}</ref>}}<section end="references_help_text " />